Skip to main content
Log in

Correlation analyses of covering and righting behaviors to fitness related traits of the sea urchin Glyptocidaris crenularis in different environmental conditions

  • Biology
  • Published:
Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Complex marine benthic environments shape a number of ecologically important behaviors in sea urchins, including covering and righting behaviors. The present study correlated covering and righting behaviors to a series of fitness-related traits in sea urchins. Righting response time of Glyptocidaris crenularis was significantly positively correlated with body size, but significantly negatively correlated with food consumption. Covering behavior was not significantly correlated with test diameter, test height or body weight, but covering response time was negatively correlated with body weight. A significantly negative correlation was found between righting response time and covering response time. Glyptocidaris crenularis showed a significantly positive correlation in covering response time with and without exposure to poured sand, but no significance in covering ability (number of shells used to cover). The present study provides new insight into internal mechanisms and evolutionary drives of covering and righting behaviors of sea urchins.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adams N L. 2001. UV radiation evokes negative phototaxis and covering behavior in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 213: 87–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agatsuma Y. 2001. Effect of the covering behavior of the juvenile sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius on predation by the spider crab Pugettia quadridens. Fisherie. Sci., 67(6): 1181–1183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amsler C D, McClintock J B, Baker B J. 1999. An antarctic feeding triangle: defensive interactions between macroalgae, sea urchins, and sea anemones. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 183: 105–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes D K A, Crook A C. 2001. Quantifying behavioural determinants of the coastal European sea-urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Mar. Biol., 138(6): 1205–1212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Böttger S A, McClintock J B, Klinger T S. 2001. Effects of inorganic and organic phosphates on feeding, feeding absorption, nutrient allocation, growth and righting responses of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. Mar. Biol., 138(4): 741–751.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brothers C J, McClintock J B. 2015. The effects of climateinduced elevated seawater temperature on the covering behavior, righting response, and Aristotle’s lantern reflex of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 467: 33–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Challener R C, McClintock J B. 2013. Exposure to extreme hypercapnia under laboratory conditions does not impact righting and covering behavior of juveniles of the common sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. Mar. Freshw. Behav. Ph y., 46(3): 191–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang Y Q, Li Y X, Luo S B, Zhao C. 2013. Effects of different ecological environments in the laboratory on the covering behavior of the sea urchin Glyptocidaris crenularis. Acta Ecologica Sinica. 33(9): 2754–2760. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang Y, Ding J, Song J, Yang W. 2004. Biology and Aquaculture of Sea Cucumbers and Sea Urchins. Ocean Press, Beijing, China. p.27–217. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Corning P A. 2014. Evolution ‘on purpose’: how behaviour has shaped the evolutionary process. Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 112(2): 242–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crook A C. 2003. Individual variation in the covering behaviour of the shallow water sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Mar. Ecol., 24(4): 275–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dambach M, Hentschel G. 1970. Die bedeckungsreaktion von seeigeln. Neue versuche und deutungen. Mar. Biol., 6(2): 135–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dayton P K, Robilliard G A, Paine R T. 1970. Benthic faunal zo-nation as a result of anchorice at McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. In: Holgate W M ed. Antarctic ecology. Academic Press, London, p.244–258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumont C P, Drolet D, Deschênes I, Himmelman J H. 2007. Multiple factors explain the covering behaviour in the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Anim. Behav., 73(6): 979–986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hagen N T. 1994). Is righting response a useful indicator of functional well-being in the green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis? In: David G, Feral Reds. Echinoderms Through Time. Balkema, Rotterdam. p.693–698.

    Google Scholar 

  • Himmelman J H, Guderley H, Vignault G, Drouin G, Wells P G. 1984. Response of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. to reduced salinities: importance of size, acclimation, and interpopulation differences. Can. J. Zool., 62(6): 1015–1021.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyman L H. 1955. The Invertebrates: Echinodermata. The Coelomate Bilateria, Vol IV. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. 763p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kehas A J, Theoharides K A, Gilbert J J. 2005. Effect of sunlight intensity and albinism on the covering response of the Caribbean sea urchin Tripneustes ventricosus. Mar. Biol., 146(6): 1111–1117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lamare M, Burritt D, Lister K. 2011. Ultraviolet radiation and echinoderms: past, present and future perspectives. Adv. Mar. Biol., 59: 145–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence J M. 1975. The effect of temperature-salinity combinations on the functional well-being of adult Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck) (Echinodermata, Echinoidea). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 18(3): 271–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence J M. 1976. Covering response in sea urchins. Nature. 262(5568): 490–491.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence J M. 2013. Sea urchin life history strategies. In: Lawrence J M ed. Sea Urchins: Biology and Ecology. 3 rd edn. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. p.15–23.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lemire M, Himmelman J H. 1996. Relation of food preference to fitness for the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Mar. Biol., 127(1): 73–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luo S B, Chang Y Q, Zhao C, Zhou H S. 2013. Effects of the covering behavior on food consumption, growth and gonad traits of the sea urchin Glyptocidaris crenularis. Acta Ecologica Sinica. 33(2): 402–408. (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayr E. 1960. The emergence of evolutionary novelties. In: Tax S ed. Evolution after Darwin, vol I. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL. p.349-380.

    Google Scholar 

  • Millott N. 1976. The photosensitivity of echinoids. Adv. Mar. Biol., 13: 1–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orton J H. 1929. On the occurrence of Echinus esculentus on the foreshore in the British Isles. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK., 16(1): 289–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pawson D L, Pawson D J. 2013. Bathyal sea urchins of the Bahamas, with notes on covering behavior in deep sea echinoids (Echinodermata: echinoidea). Deep Sea. Res. II., 92: 207–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearse J S. 2006. Ecological role of purple sea urchins. Science. 314(5801): 940–941.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Percy J A. 1973. Thermal adaptation in the boreo-arctic echinoid, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (O. F. Müller, 1776). II. Seasonal acclimatization and urchin activity. Physiol. Zool., 46(2): 129–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richner H, Milinski M. 2000. On the functional significance of masking behaviour in sea urchins-an experiment with Paracentrotus lividus. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 205: 307–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shang Y C. 2005. Ethology. Peking University Press, Beijing, China. p.168–188. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sigg J E, Lloyd-Knight K M, Boal J G. 2007. UV radiation influences covering behaviour in the urchin Lytechinus variegatus. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK., 87(5): 1257–1261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verling E, Crook A, Barnes D. 2002. Covering behaviour in Paracentrotus lividus: is light important? Mar. Biol., 140(2): 391–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao C, Zhou H, Tian X F, Feng W P, Chang Y Q. 2014. The effects of prolonged food deprivation on the covering behavior of the sea urchins Glyptocidaris crenularis and Strongylocentrotus intermedius. Mar. Freshw. Behav. Phy., 47(1): 11–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yaqing Chang  (常亚青).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wei, J., Zhang, L., Zhao, C. et al. Correlation analyses of covering and righting behaviors to fitness related traits of the sea urchin Glyptocidaris crenularis in different environmental conditions. Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 34, 1183–1190 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-016-5133-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-016-5133-y

Keywords

Navigation