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Effect of copper on the growth of shrimps Litopenaeus vannamei: water parameters and copper budget in a recirculating system

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Abstract

Shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) were intensively cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system for 98 days to investigate effects of 0.3 mg/L Cu on its performance, Cu budget, and Cu distribution. Shrimps in Cu-treated systems had greater mean final weight (11.10 vs 10.50 g), body length (107.23 vs 106.42 mm), survival rate (67.80% vs 66.40%), and yield (6.42 vs 5.99 kg/m3), and lower feed conversion ratio (1.20 vs 1.29) than those in control systems but the differences were not significant. Vibrio numbers remained stable (104–106 colony forming units/mL) in the rearing tanks of both control and treated systems. Total ammonium-N, nitrite-N, nitrate-N, pH, chemical oxygen demand, 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids were similar in controls and treatments. Dissolved Cu concentration in the treated systems decreased from 0.284 to 0.089 mg/L while in the control systems it increased from 0.006 2 to 0.018 mg/L. The main sources of Cu in the treated systems were the artificially added component (75.7% of total input), shrimp feed (21.0%), water (2.06%), and shrimp biomass (1.22%). The major outputs of Cu occurred via the mechanical filter (41.7%), water renewal (15.6%), and draining of the sediment trap (15.1%). The foam fractionator removed only 0.69% of total Cu input. Harvested shrimp biomass accounted for 11.68% of Cu input. The Cu concentration of shrimps in the Cu-treated systems (30.70 mg/kg wet weight) was significantly higher than that in control systems (22.02 mg/kg). Both were below the maximum permissible concentration (50 mg/kg) for Cu in seafood for human consumption in China. Therefore, recirculating systems can be used for commercial on-growing of Litopenaeus vannamei without loss of shrimp quality, even in water polluted by 0.30 mg/L Cu. The mechanical filter is the main route for Cu removal.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Bo Cheng  (程波), Ying Liu  (刘鹰), Hongsheng Yang  (杨红生) & Xian Li  (李贤)

  2. Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China

    Bo Cheng  (程波) & Yi Song  (宋怿)

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  1. Bo Cheng  (程波)
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  2. Ying Liu  (刘鹰)
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  5. Xian Li  (李贤)
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Correspondence to Ying Liu  (刘鹰) or Hongsheng Yang  (杨红生).

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Supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (No. 2011BAD13B04), the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-EW-Q212), the Public Service Sectors (Agriculture) Special Project (No. 201003024), the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System and the Shandong Program for Development of Science and Technology (No. 2013GHY11514), and the Special Scientific Research Funds for Central Non-Profit Institutes, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (No. 2014A09XK01)

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Cheng, B., Liu, Y., Yang, H. et al. Effect of copper on the growth of shrimps Litopenaeus vannamei: water parameters and copper budget in a recirculating system. Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 32, 1092–1104 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-014-3277-1

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