Abstract
This study describes the complete diallel hybridization between newly introduced bay scallop stock (W) from Canada and local commercial stock (D) grown under laboratory conditions, in China. Larval survival and growth during all life stages (larvae, spat, and adult) were compared among hybrid (DW, WD) and purebred (DD, WW) populations. Significant heterosis was detected for survival during the larval stage (>1% of the mid-parent values). The mean heterosis (H m) varied in growth throughout the life span. More than 50% of the H m values were positive and negative in the DW and WD groups, respectively. The influence of maternal effects and mating types (intrapopulation vs. interpopulation crosses) on growth for all life stages was not consistent. Larval survival did not differ significantly (P>0.05) with maternal effect or mating type. In the harvest stage, shell length (SL), shell height (SH), shell width (SW), and total weight (TW) were larger in the hybrid compared with the inbred groups. Positive H m values were observed in SL (1.5%), SW (5.8%), and TW (12.3%), and were more significant in the DW groups (6.1%, 4.5%, 6.8%, and 27.2%). These results suggest that hybridization between two geographic populations is a good tool for improving bay scallop growth. However, unstable heterosis between the two populations requires further study.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Apostolov A, Slanev S. 2002. H effect in different schemes of crossing and hybridization in pig breeding. Zhivotnov. Dni Nauki, 39: 75–78.
Batista F M, Leitao A, Fonseca V G, Ben-Hamadou R, Ruano F, Henriques M A, Guedes-Pinto H, Boudry P. 2007. Individual relationship between aneuploidy of gill cells and growth rate in the cupped oysters Crassostrea angulata, C. gigas and their reciprocal hybrids. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 352: 226–233.
Beaumont A R, Turner G, Wood A R, Skibinski D O F. 2004. Hybridizations between Mytilus edulis and Mytilus galloprovincialis and performance of pure species and hybrid veliger larvae at different temperatures. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 302: 177–188.
Blake S G, Blake N J, Oesterling M J, Graves J E. 1997. Genetic divergence and loss of diversity in two cultured populations of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians (Lamark, 1819). J. Shellfish Res., 16: 55–58.
Bray W A, Lawrence A L, Lester L J, Smith L L. 1990. Hybridization of Penaeus setiferus and Penaeus schmitti Burkenroad. J. Crust. Biol., 10: 278–283.
Cragg S M, Crisp D J. 1991. The biology of scallop larvae. In: Shumway S E ed. Scallops: Biology, Ecology and Aquaculture. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam. p.75–132.
Crow J. 1998. 90 years ago: the beginning of hybrid maize. Genetics, 148: 923–928.
Cruz P, Ibarra A M. 1997. Larval growth and survival of two catarina scallop (Argopecten circularis, Sowerby, 1835) populations and their reciprocal crosses. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 212: 95–110.
Cundiff L V. 1972. The role of maternal effects in animal breeding: VIII. Comparative aspects of maternal effects. J. Anim Sci., 35: 1 335–1 337.
Darwin C R. 1876. The Effects of Cross- and Self-Fertilization in the Vegetable Kingdom, 1st edn. John Murray.
Davenport C B. 1908. Degeneration, albinism and inbreeding. Science, 28: 454–455.
East E M. 1908. Inbreeding in corn. Conn. Agric. Exp. Sta. Rpt., 1907: 419–428.
Falconer D S. 1981. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics, 2nd edn. Longman, Longon.
Fernando A, Jose L M, Patrick D, Edward B, Eva G V. 2004. Interspecific hybridization between Atlantic salmon and brown trout introduced in the subantarctic Kerguelen Islands. Aquaculture, 230: 81–88.
Freyer G, König S, Fischer B, Bergfeld U, Cassell B G. 2008. Invited review: crossbreeding in dairy cattle from a German perspective of the past and today. J. Dairy Sci., 91: 3 725–3 743.
Gaffney P M, Allen S K. 1993. Hybridization among Crassostrea species: a review. Aquaculture, 116: 1–13.
Griffing B. 1990. Use of a controlled-nutrient experiment to test heterosis hypotheses. Genetics, 126: 753–756.
Guo X, Ford S E, Zhang F. 1999. Molluscan aquaculture in China. J. Shellfish Res., 18(1): 19–31.
Hartley S E. 1996. High incidence of Atlantic salmon×brown trout hybrids in a lake district stream. J. Fish Biol., 48: 151–154.
Hedgecock D, Lin J Z, DeCola S, Haudenschild C D, Meyer E, Manahan D T, Bowen B. 2007. Transcriptomic analysis of growth heterosis in larval Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104(7): 2 313–2 318.
Hedgecock D, McGoldrick D J, Bayne B L. 1995. Hybrid vigour in Pacific oysters: an experimental approach using crosses among inbred lines. Aquaculture, 137: 285–298.
Hochholdinger F, Hoecker N. 2007. Towards the molecular basis of heterosis. Trends in Plant Science, 12(9): 1 360–1 385.
Jansson H, Holmgren I, Wedin K, Andersson T. 1991. High frequency of natural hybrids between Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and brown trout, S. trutta L., in a Swedish river. J. Fish Biol., 39(A): 343–348.
Li Y, Liu W, Xin G, Gu Z, Shao T, Cao Y. 2000. Introduction and F1 rearing of the American bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians Lamarck. Heibei Fishery, 2: 29–32. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Lin M N, Ting Y Y, Hanyu I. 1988. Hybridization of two closed-thelycum peneaid species Penaeus monodon × P. penicillatus and P. penicillatus × P. monodon, by means of spermatophore transplantation. Bull. Taiwan Fish. Res., 45: 83–101.
Madalena F E. 1993. A simple scheme to utilize heterosis in tropical dairy cattle. World Anim. Rev., 74-75: 17–25, 74–75.
Mather K, Jinks J L. 1971. Biometrical Genetics. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, USA. p.382.
Menzel R W. 1977. Selection and hybridization in quahog clams. Proc. Wld. Maricult. Soc., 8: 507–521.
Neter J, Wasserman W, Kutner M H. 1985. Applied Linear Statistical Models, 2nd edn. Irwin Publishers, Homewood, Illinois. p.1127.
Rahman M A, Uehara T, Lawrence J M. 2005. Growth and heterosis of hybrids of two closely related species of Pacific sea urchins (genus Echinometra) in Okinawa. Aquaculture, 245: 121–133.
Rohlf F J, Sokal R R. 1981. Statistical Tables. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York. p.219.
Sastry A N. 1963. Reproduction of the bay scallop Aequipecten irradians Lamarck. Influence of temperature on maturation and spawning. Biol. Bull., 125: 146–153.
Shokita S. 1978. Larval development of interspecific hybrid between Macrobrachium asperulum from Taiwan and Macrobrachium shokitai from the Ryukyus. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 44(11): 1 187–1 195.
Shull G F. 1908. The composition of a field of maize. Rep. Am. Breed. Assoc., 5: 51–59.
Stiles S, Choromanski J. 1995. Inbreeding studies of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians. J. Shellfish Res., 14(1): 278.
Wang C, Li Z. 2010. Improvement in production traits by mass spawning type crossbreeding in bay scallops. Aquaculture, 299: 51–56.
Wang L, Zhang H, Song L, Guo X. 2007. Loss of allele diversity in introduced populations of the hermaphroditic bay scallop Argopecten irradians. Aquaculture, 271: 252–259.
Whitlock M C, Ingvarsson P K, Hatfield T. 2000. Local drift load and the heterosis of interconnected populations. Heredity, 84: 452–457.
Wilbur A E, Gaffney P M. 1997. A genetic basis for geographic variation in shell morphology in the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians. Marine Biology, 128: 97–105.
Xu F, Zhang G F, Liu X, Zhang S D, Shi B, Guo X. 2009. Laboratory hybridization between Crassostrea ariakensis and C. Sikamea. J. Shellfish Res., 28(3): 453–458.
Xue Q, Shela S, Zhang F, Xiang J. 1999. Population genetic structure at allozyme phosphor-glucomutase PGM locus and its related traits in different populations of bay scallop, Argopecten irradians. Oceanol. Limnol. Sinica, 30(4): 381–389. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang F, He Y, Liu X, Ma J, Li S. 1986. A report on the introduction, spat-rearing and experimental culture of bay scallop, Argopecten irradians Lamarck. Oceanol. Limnol. Sinica, 17: 367–374. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang F, He Y, Qi L, Sun L. 1986. Study on the restoration of cultured bay scallop Argopecten irradians through reintroduction of broodstock. Oceanol. Limnol. Sinica, 28(2): 146–152. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang F, He Y, Qi L, Sun L. 1997. Study on the restoration of cultured bay scallop Argopecten irradians through reintroduction of broodstock. Oceanol. Limnol. Sinica., 28(2): 146–152. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang H, Liu X, Zhang G, Wang C. 2007. Growth and survival of reciprocal crosses between two bay scallops, Argopecten irradians concentricus Say and A. irradians irradians Lamarck. Aquaculture, 272: 88–93.
Zheng H P, Zhang G F, Liu X, Que H Y. 2004. Comparison between the self-fertilized and hybridized families in Argopecten irradians irradians Lamarck, 1819. J. Fish. China, 28: 267–272. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zheng H, Zhang G, Guo X, Liu X. 2006. Heterosis between two stocks of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians Lamarck (1819). J. Shellfish Res., 25: 807–812.
Zirkle C. 1952. Early ideas on inbreeding and crossbreeding. In: Gowen J W ed. Heterosis. Iowa State College Press. p.1–13.
Zouros E, Freeman K R, Ball A O, Pogson G H. 1992. Direct evidence for extensive paternal mitochondrial DNA inheritance in the marine mussel Mytilus. Nature, 359: 412–414.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (Nos. 2012AA10A410, 2010AA10A401), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30800842), the Mollusc Research and Development Center (No. CARS-48), the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province, and the Climbing Program of Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, S., Li, L., Wu, F. et al. Yield trait improvement of bay scallops following complete diallel crosses between different scallop stocks. Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 32, 1–7 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-014-3079-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-014-3079-5