Abstract
Surface sediment samples collected off the Huanghe (Yellow) River mouth during the period 2007–2009 were analyzed for major and trace element concentrations. Concentrations of 16 elements were measured using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Results demonstrate that sediment grain size is the dominant factor controlling the spatial variations of elemental concentrations. Correlation and cluster analyses allowed classification of the study area into four geochemical regions: Regions I and III are characterized by high concentrations of Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, Na2O, K2O, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn, and contain fine-grained sediments with mean grain size (M z)<22 μm; and; Regions II and IV contain mostly coarse-grained sediments, and are characterized by high concentrations of SiO2, Na2O, and Zr. The sediment entering the sea from the Huanghe River and its tributaries is enriched in Ca. Thus, the Ca/Al ratio was used as an indicator of the proportion of sediments in the study area that originated from the Huanghe River. Ca/Al ratios decrease from Regions I and II (located in the nearshore zone of the Huanghe River delta) to Regions III and IV (distributed in the offshore zone of the northern Huanghe River delta, southern and southeastern Laizhou Bay area).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bi N, Yang Z, Wang H, Hu B, Ji Y. 2010. Sediment dispersion pattern off the present Huanghe (Yellow) River subdelta and its dynamic mechanism during normal river discharge period. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 86(3): 352–362.
Bigot M, Saliot A, Cui X, Li J. 1989. Organic geochemistry of surface sediments from the Huanghe estuary and adjacent Bohai Sea (China). Chemical Geology, 75(4): 339–350.
Bornhold B, Yang Z S, Keller G, Prior D, Wiseman W, Wang Q, Wright L, Xu W, Zhuang Z. 1986. Sedimentary framework of the modern Huanghe (Yellow) River delta. Geo-Marine Letters, 6(2): 77–83.
Chen L, Luan Z, Zheng T, Xu W, Dong T. 1980. Mineral assemblages and their distribution patterns in the sediments of the Gulf of Bohai Sea. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 11(1): 46–64. (in Chinese with English abstract)
China E C o t B C i. 1991. The Bay Chorography in China (3). Ocean Press, Beijing. 487p. (in Chinese)
China E C o t B C i. 1998. The Bay Chorography in China (14). Ocean Press, Beijing. 799p. (in Chinese)
Chu Z X, Sun X G, Zhai S K, Xu K H. 2006. Changing pattern of accretion/erosion of the modern Yellow River (Huanghe) subaerial delta, China: based on remote sensing images. Marine Geology, 227(1–2): 13–30.
Huang D J, Su J L. 2002. The effects of the Huanghe River delta on the circulation and transportation of larvae. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 24(6): 104–111. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Huanghe Water Resources Commission 1998–2007. Bulletin of Huanghe water resources. http://www.hwswj.gov.cn/swjcms/index.jsp. (in Chinese)
Huang W W, Zhang J. 1990. Effect of particle size on transition metal concentrations in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) and The Huanghe (Yellow) River, China. The Science of the Total Environment, 94(3): 187–207.
Huang W W, Zhang J, Zhou Z H. 1992. Particulate element inventory of the Huanghe (Yellow) River: a large, highturbidity river. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 56(10): 3 669–3 680.
Jonathan M P, Ram-Mohan V, Srinivasalu S. 2004. Geochemical variations of major and trace elements in recent sediments, off the Gulf of Mannar, the southeast coast of India. Environmental Geology, 45(4): 466–480.
Lakhan V, Cabana K, LaValle P. 2003. Relationship between grain size and heavy metals in sediments from beaches along the coast of Guyana. Journal of Coastal Research, 19(3): 600–608.
Li G, Wei H, Yue S, Cheng Y, Han Y. 1998. Sedimentation in the Yellow River delta, Part II: suspended sediment dispersal and deposition on the subaqueous delta. Marine Geology, 149(1-4): 113–131.
Li S, Liu G, Miao F. 1994. The distribution and environmental background values of the heavy metals in sediment of the Bohai Sea. China Environmental Science, 14(5): 370–376. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Lin S, Hsieh I J, Huang K M, Wang C H. 2002. Influence of the Yangtze River and grain size on the spatial variations of heavy metals and organic carbon in the East China Sea continental shelf sediments. Chemical Geology, 182(2–4): 377–394.
McManus J. 1988. Grain size determination and interpretation. Techniques in Sedimentology, p.408.
Milliman J D, Syvitski J P M. 1992. Geomorphic/tectonic control of sediment discharge to the ocean: the importance of small mountainous rivers. Journal of Geology, 100: 525–544.
Qiao S, Yang Z, Pan Y, Guo Z. 2007. Metals in suspended sediments from the Changjiang (Yangtze River) and Huanghe (Yellow) River to the sea, and their comparison. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 74(3): 539–548.
Qiao S, Shi X, Zhu A, Liu Y, Bi N, Fang X, Yang G. 2010a. Distribution and transport of suspended sediments off the Yellow River (Huanghe) mouth and the nearby Bohai Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 86(3): 337–344.
Qiao S, Fang X, Shi X, Wang K, Liu Y, Liu S, Zhu A. 2010b. Distribution of CaO and smectite in surface sediments off the Yellow River mouth and in the nearby Bohai Sea and the implications for dispersion of the river sediments to the Sea. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 30(1): 17–23. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Ren M E, Shi Y L. 1986. Sediment discharge of the Yellow River (China) and its effect on the sedimentation of the Bohai and the Yellow Sea. Continental Shelf Research, 6(6): 785–810.
Wang H, Yang Z, Saito Y, Liu J P, Sun X, Wang Y. 2007a. Stepwise decreases of the Huanghe (Yellow) River sediment load (1950-2005): impacts of climate change and human activities. Global and Planetary Change, 57(3–4): 331–354.
Wang H, Yang Z, Li Y, Guo Z, Sun X, Wang Y. 2007b. Dispersal pattern of suspended sediment in the shear frontal zone off the Huanghe (Yellow) River mouth. Continental Shelf Research, 27(6): 854–871.
Wang H, Yang Z, Saito Y, Liu J P, Sun X. 2006. Interannual and seasonal variation of the Huanghe (Yellow) River water discharge over the past 50 years: connections to impacts from ENSO events and dams. Global and Planetary Change, 50(3–4): 212–225.
Wiseman W, Fan Y B, Bornhold B, Keller G, Su Z Q, Prior D, Yu Z X, Wright L, Wang F Q, Qian Q Y. 1986. Suspended sediment advection by tidal currents off the Huanghe (Yellow) River delta. Geo-Marine Letters, 6(2): 107–113.
Wright L, Yang Z S, Bornhold B, Keller G, Prior D, Wiseman W. 1986. Hyperpycnal plumes and plume fronts over the Huanghe (Yellow) River delta front. Geo-Marine Letters, 6(2): 97–105.
Wu M, Wen Q, Pan J, Diao G. 1995. Average chemical composition of loess in China: as a good representative of the upper continental crust. Sedimentary Facies and Palaeogeography, 15(2): 127–136.
Yang S Y, Jung H S, Li C X. 2004. Two unique weathering regimes in the Changjiang and Huanghe drainage basins: geochemical evidence from the river sediments. Sedimentary Geology, 164(1–2): 19–34.
Yang Z. 1988. Mineralogical assemblages and chemical characteristics of clays from sediments of the Huanghe, Changjiang, Zhujiang Rivers and their relationship to the climate environment in their sediment source areas. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 19(4): 336–346. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang C, Wang L, Li G, Dong S, Yang J, Wang X. 2002. Grain size effect on multi-element concentrations in sediments from the intertidal flats of Bohai Bay, China. Applied Geochemistry, 17(1): 59–68.
Zhang J, Huang W W, Martin J M. 1988. Trace metals distribution in Huanghe (Yellow) River estuarine sediments. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 26(5): 499–516.
Zhang J, Huang W W, Shi M C. 1990. Huanghe (Yellow) River and its estuary: sediment origin, transport and deposition. Journal of Hydrology, 120(1–4): 203–223.
Zhang J, Huang W W, Wang J H. 1994. Trace-metal chemistry of the Huanghe (Yellow) River, China—Examination of the data from in situ measurements and laboratory approach. Chemical Geology, 114(1–2): 83–94.
Zhao B, Zhuang G, Cao D, Lei F. 1995. Circulation, tidal residual currents and their effects on the sedimentations in the Bohai Sea. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 26(5): 466–473. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhao Y. 1983. Some geochemical patterns of shelf sediments of the China seas. Scientia Geologica Sinica, (4): 307–314. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhao Y, Yan M. 1994. Geochemistry of Sediments of the China Shelf Sea. Ocean Press, Beijing. p.194–198. (in Chinese)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China (No. 40806026), the National Special Research Fund for the Non-Profit Sector (No. 200805063, 201205001), the 908 Project of the State Oceanic Administration, China (No. 908-02-02-05), and the Basic Scientific Research Operations of the First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration (Nos. GY02-2008T28, GY02-2009G22)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Qiao, S., Shi, X., Gao, J. et al. The distribution and variation of elements in sediments off the Huanghe (Yellow) River mouth. Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 31, 876–885 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-013-2126-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-013-2126-y