Abstract
In this paper, we examined the detailed morphology of two strains of Prorocentrum isolated from the coastal waters of Zhejiang (Wenling area), China, and Masan Bay of Korea. A taxonomic comparison was made among strains on the basis of morphological and molecular data. The cellular dimensions of the Chinese Wenling strain (LAMB090508) and Korean strain (PDKS0206) were similar and the cells of both strains were of asymmetric and elongated shape. The posterior end of most cells was rounded. Megacytic zones of aged cells were broader with dense tiny knobs. The roundish nucleus was located in the posterior part of the cell. A few irregular shaped chloroplasts were distributed within the cell. The nucleotide similarity of the two strains, determined from the 5.8S rDNA-ITS sequences, was 99.83%. The comparative results of morphology and molecular analysis suggest that both strains isolated from China and Korea were the identical species, Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Coleman A W, Sura Z A, Goff L J. 1994. Molecular delineation of species and syngens in volvocacean green algae (Chlorophyta). J. Phycol., 30(1): 80–90.
Coleman A W, Jaffrey C M. 1997. Ribosomal DNA ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequence comparisons as a tool for predicting genetic relatedness. J. Mlo. Evol., 45(2): 168–177.
Dodge J D. 1975. The Prorocentrales (Dinophyceae), II. Revision of the taxonomy within the genus Prorocentrum. Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 71: 103–125.
GEOHAB 2010. Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms. In: Furuya K, Glibert P M, Zhou M, Raine R ed. Harmful Algal Blooms in Asia. IOC and SCOR. Paris and Newark, Delaware. p.68.
Hada Y. 1975. On two new species of the genus Prorocentrum Ehrenberg belonging to Dinoflagellida. Hiroshima Shudo Daigaku Ronshu, 16: 31–38.
Hodgkiss I J, Yang Z B. 2001. New and dominant species from Sam Xing wan, sai Kung during the 1998 massive fish killing red tide in Hong Kong. In: Hallegraeff G M, Blackburn S I, Bolch C J, Lewis R J eds. Harmful Algal Blooms 2000. IOC of UNESCO. Paris. p.62–65.
Horiguchi T. 1990. Prorocentrum dentatum. In: Fukuyo Y, Takano H, Chihara M, Matsuoka K eds. Red Tide Organisms in Japan. The Japan Fisheries Resource Conservation Association. Tokyo, Japan. p.26–27.
Lu D, Goebel J. 2001. Five red tide species in genus Prorocentrum including the description of Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu sp. nov. from the East China Sea. Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol., 19: 337–344.
Lu D, Goebel J, Qi Y, Zou J, Gao Y. 2002. Prorocentrum donghaiense — a high biomass bloom-forming species in the East China Sea. IOC Newsletter on toxic algae and algal blooms, 23: 1–5.
Lu D, Goebel J, Qi Y, Zou J, Han X, Gao Y, Li Y. 2005. Morphological and genetic study of Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu from the East China Sea, and comparison with some related Prorocentrum species. Harmful Algae, 4(3): 493–505.
Munir S, Siddiqui P, Burhan Z. 2010. The Ecology and Taxonomy of the Family Prorocentroid (dinophyceae) from the Northern Arabian Sea. Abstract book of 14th International Conference on Harmful Algae. Hersonissos-Crete, Greece. p.44.
Qi Y, Wang Y. 2003. What the Prorocentrum species should be? — A review on a Prorocentrum bloom species classification where it initiated in the ECS. Chin. J. Appl. Ecol., 14(7): 1 188–1 190.
Schiller J. 1918. Uber neue Prorocentrum und Exuviaella-Arten aus der Adria. Arch. Prostistenk., 38: 250–262.
Schiller J. 1928. Die planktischen Vegetationen des adriatischen Meeres. C. Dinoflagellata. 1 Teil. Adiniferidea, Dinophysidaceae. Arch. Prostistenk., 61: 45–49.
Schiller J. 1933. Dinoflagellatae. In: Rabenhorsts Kryptogamenflora Vol. 10, III: t.1., Akad. Verlagsges., Leipzig. p.1–617.
Steidinger K A, Tangen K. 1996. Dinoflagellates. In: Hasle G R, Syvertsen E E, Tomas C R eds. Identifying Diatoms and Dinoflagellates. Academic. San Diego. p.387–584.
Stein F. 1883. Der Organismus der Infusionsthiere nach eigenen Forschungen in systematischer Reihenfolge bearbeitet. III. Die Naturgeschichte der arthrodelen Flagellaten. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. p.1–30.
Throndsen J. 1978. The dilution culture method. In: Sournia A ed. Phytoplankton Manual. Monographs on oceanographic Methodology. UNESCO, Paris. p.218–224.
Toriumi S. 1980. Prorocentrum species (Dinophyceae) causing red tide in Japanese coastal waters. Bull. Plankton. Soc. Japan, 27: 105–112.
White T J, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for Phylogenetics. In: Innis M A, Gelfand D H, Sninsky J J, White T J eds. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press. New York. p.315–322.
Yoo K, Lee J B. 1986. Taxonomical studies on dinoflagellates in Masan Bay 1. Genus Prorocentrum Ehrenberg. J. Oceanol. Soc. Korea, 21: 46–55.
Zhang B, Wang G, Zhang Y, Han X, Lu S, Qi Y, Zou J, Zeng C. 2004. Cloning and sequence analysis of 5.8 rDNA and ITS region from Prorocentrum donghaiense and P. micans APBM. Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol., 35(3): 264–272.
Zhou M, Yan T, Zou J. 2003. Primary study on the HAB characteristic in the Changjiang estuary and its adjacent sea area. Chin. J. Appl. Ecol., 14: 1 031–1 038.
Zhu M, Li R, Mu X, Ji R. 1994. Harmful algal blooms in China Seas. Ocean Res., 19(2): 173–184.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2007AA09Z110), the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2010CB428702), Foundation of SOA (Nos. 201005031, 2009123), the Basic Research Fund of SIO (No. JG200818), and Joint Project between Germany and China supported by International Bureau of BMBF at DLR (No. CHN 06/009)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lu, D., Wang, H., Huang, H. et al. Morphological and genetic comparison of two strains of a Prorocentrum species isolated from Zhejiang coastal water of China and Masan Bay of Korea. Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 29, 832–839 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-011-0511-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-011-0511-y