Abstract
The effect of starvation on physiological and biochemical indicators of body, muscle and hepatopancreas were investigated for juvenile red swamp crawfish (Procambarus clarkii), and the results showed the effect was obvious. In a 70-day starvation experiment, mean body weight, exuvial rate, abdominal muscle ratio and hepatosomatic index decreased significantly. The percentage of protein, fat, ash and moisture were also significantly affected. The protein content decreased sharply at Day 30 onward and the percentage of fat decreased rapidly from Day 50 and on. The percentages of ash and moisture started to increase significantly at Day 40 and 30 respectively. After the starvation experiment, the hepatopancreatic total and neutral lipid content decreased slightly from 23.90% to 20.39% and 73.75% to 70.35%, while the hepatopancreatic polar lipid content increased from 23.81% to 27.32%. On the other hand, all the muscular total, neutral and polar lipid contents, and the muscular fatty acid compositions did not change significantly except for the hepatopancreatic fatty acid composition. The relative percentages of 14:0, 16:0, 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-9 were decreased by 55.17%, 11.11%, 8.5% and 6.70% from the initial values, and the relative percentages of 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 increased obviously from 5.2%, 3.9%, 2.4%, 10.6%, and 13.7% to 7.1%, 5.0%, 2.8%, 11.5%, and 14.4% respectively. Preference of utilization of fatty acids from hepatopancreas during starvation was as follows: 14:0>16:0>16:1n-7>18:1n-9, and the conservation of highly unsaturated fatty acids was in the order of: 18:2n-6>18:3n-3>20:4n-6>20:5n-3>22:6n-3.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ando, T., A. Kanazawa and S. Teshima, 1977. Variation in the lipids of tissues during the molting cycle of prawn. Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish 43(12): 1 445–1 449.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 1984. Official Methods of the AOAC. VA: AOAC, Arlington, P. 138–161.
Barclay, M. C., W. Dall and D. M. Smith, 1983. Changes in lipid and protein during starvation and the moulting cycle in the tiger prawn, Penaeus esculentus Haswell. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 68: 229–244.
Clifford, H. C. and R. W. Brick, 1983. Nutritional physiology of the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man). — I. Substrate metabolism in fasting juvenile shrimp. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 74A(3): 561–568.
D’Abramo, L. R., C. E. Bordner and D. E. Conklin, 1982. Relationship between dietary phosphatidylcholine and serum cholesterol in the lobster Homarus spp. Marine Biology 67: 231–235.
George, R. Y., 1966. Glycogen content in the wood-boring isopod, Limnoria lignorum. Science 153: 1262–1264.
Halver, J.E., 1989. Fish Nutrition, 2nd edn. Academic Press, New York, P. 239–345.
Inui, Y. and Y. Oshima, 1966. Effect of starvation on metabolism and chemical composition of ells. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish 32: 492–501.
Jezierska, B., J. R. Hazel and S. D. Gerking, 1982. Lipid mobilization during starvation in the rainbow trout, Salmon gairdneri Richardson, with attention to fatty acids. J. Fish Biol. 21: 681–692.
Kiessling, A., L. Johansson and T. Storebakken, 1989. Effect of reduced feed ration levels on fat content and fatty acid composition in white and red muscle from rainbow trout. Aquaculture 79: 169–175.
Koven, W. M., G. W. Kissil and A. Tandler, 1989. Lipid and n-3 requirement of Sparus aurata larvae during starvation and feeding. Aquaculture 79: 185–191.
Love, R. M., 1970. The Chemical Biology of Fishes. Academic Press, New York, P. 222–257.
Mehner, T. and W. Wieser, 1994. Energetics and metabolic correlates of starvation in juvenile perch (Perca fluviatilis). J. Fish Biol. 45: 325–333.
Mourente, G. and D. R. Tocher, 1992. Effects of weaning onto a pelleted diet on docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) levels in brain of developing turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Aquaculture 105: 363–377.
Murata, H. and T. Hizashi, 1980. Seletive utilization of fatty acids as energy in carp. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. 46: 1 333–1 338.
Satoch, S., T. Takeuchi and T. Watanabe, 1984. Effect of starvation and environmental temperature on proximate and fatty acid composition of Tilapia milotica. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. 50: 79–84.
Soivio, A., M. Niemisto and M. Backstrom, 1989. Fatty acid composition of Coregonus muksun Pallas: changes during incubation, hatching, feeding and starvation. Aquaculture 79: 163–168.
Steeves, H. R., 1963. The effects of starvation on glycogen and lipid metabolism in the isopod Lirceus brachyurus (Harger). J. Exp. Zool. 154: 21–38.
Steffens, W., 1989. Principles of Fish Nutrition. Ellis Horwood, New York, P. 139–145.
Takeuchi, T. and T. Watanabe, 1982. The effect of starvation and environmental temperature on proximate and fatty acids composition of carp and rainbow trout. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. 48: 1 307–1 316.
Teshima, S. A., A. Kanazawa and Y. Kakuta, 1986. Role of dietary phospholipids in the transport of [C14] cholesterol in the prawn. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. 52(4): 719–723.
Tocher, D. R., G. Mourente and J. R. Sargent, 1992. Metabolism of [1-14C] dacosahexaenoate (22:6n-3), [1-14C] eicosapentaenoate (20:5n-3) and [1-14C] linolenate (18:3n-3) in brain cell from juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus. Lipids 27: 494–499.
Uglow, R. F., 1969. Hemolyph protein concentrations in portunid crabs. II. The effects of imposed fasting on Carcinus maenas. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 31A: 959–967.
Vonk, H. J., 1960. Digestion and metabolism. In: Waterman, T.H. ed., the Physiology of the Crustacea. Vol. 1. Academic Press, New York, P. 291–316.
Welsh, B. L., 1975. The role of grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio in a tidal marsh ecosystem. Ecol. 56: 513–530.
Wen, X. B., L. Q. Chen, C. X. Ai, Z. L. Zhou and H. B. Jiang, 2001. Variation in lipid composition of Chinese mitten-handede crab, Eriocheir sinensis during ovarian maturation. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 130B: 95–104.
Wen, X. B., Y. M. Ku and K. Y. Zhou, 2003. Growth response and fatty acid compositionn of juvenile Procambrus clarkii fed different sources of dietary lipid. Agricultural Science in China 2(5): 583–590.
Wieser, W., 1972. O:N ratios of terrestrial isopods at two temperatures. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 43A: 859–868.
Wieser, W., 1991. Limitations of energy acquisition and energy use in small poikilotherms: evolutionary implications. Func. Ecol. 5: 234–240.
Wilkins, N. P., 1967. Starvation of herring, Clupea harengus L.: Survival and some gross biochemical changes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 23: 503–518.
Zamal, H. and F. Ollevier, 1995. Effect of feeding and lack of food on the growth, gross biochemical and fatty acid composition of juvenile catfish. J. Fish Biol. 46: 404–414.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supported by the Scientific Fund of Chinese Postdoctor (No. 2002032195).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wen, X., Ku, Y. & Zhou, K. Starvation on changes in growth and fatty acid composition of juvenile red swamp crawfish, Procambarus clarkii . Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 25, 97–105 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-007-0097-6
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-007-0097-6