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Bidirectional transmission characteristics of Gaussian beams in the lower atmosphere–upper ocean link

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Abstract

The study of Gaussian beam bidirectional transmission characteristics will help realize future space–air–ground–sea wireless optical link communication. This paper establishes a double-pass cross-media vertical transmission model of Gaussian beams in non-uniform seawater based on the Monte Carlo method. The distribution of photon emission scattering angle, the variation of photon number, the variation of photon energy, and the distribution of photon number are studied when Gaussian beams are transmitted up and down in the lower atmosphere–upper ocean link. The results show that with the increase of seawater depth, the total photon number and photon energy will gradually decrease, and the peak of the distribution function of the photon divergence angle moves to a large angle. As the chlorophyll concentration increases and the wind speed on the sea surface increases, the total photon number, and energy also decrease. The distribution of photon divergence angles also shifts to a large angle. When the Gaussian beam is transmitted in both directions, the number of photons received in the upstream transmission is smaller than that received in the downstream transmission if only the positions of the transmitting and receiving ends of the beam are exchanged. Our works will provide theoretical and technical support for the experiments of trans-media upstream and downstream transmission and communication of blue-green lasers in the lower atmosphere–upper ocean.

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Data availability statement

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Training Program of the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (92052106); National Natural Science Foundation of China (61771385); Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Shaanxi Province (2020JC-42); Science and Technology on Solid-State Laser Laboratory (6142404190301); and Science and technology research plan of Xi’an city (GXYD14.26).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, 710048, Shaanxi, China

    Jialin Zhang, Mingjun Wang, Qun Cheng & Yuhang Wang

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  1. Jialin Zhang
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  2. Mingjun Wang
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  3. Qun Cheng
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  4. Yuhang Wang
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Contributions

All the authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Jialin Zhang, Mingjun Wang, Qun Cheng and Yuhang Wang. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Jialin Zhang, and all the authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mingjun Wang.

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Zhang, J., Wang, M., Cheng, Q. et al. Bidirectional transmission characteristics of Gaussian beams in the lower atmosphere–upper ocean link. Appl. Phys. B 129, 129 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-023-08072-1

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