Abstract
An optical logic gate structure based on sunflower type six-fold quasi-periodic photonic crystal is proposed in this paper. The logic gate was based on a Sunflower six-fold quasi-periodic photonic crystals, and the logical state of the input port was controlled by Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) technology. Beams of different phases at each input port are set to logic 0 and 1, and the light beam generates interference inside the structure and is output from the output port, and the logical value of the output port is determined by the light intensity of the output port. The structure is simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics. The simulation results show that the structure can realize all the seven basic logic gates with a response time of 0.3 ps and an area of 197 µm2. It is helpful to design more integrated devices and has a better development prospect in the field of optical information processing.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
T. Daghooghi, M. Soroosh, K. Ansari-Asl, Ultra-fast all-optical decoder based on nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonators. Appl. Opt. 57, 2250–2257 (2018)
E. Yablonovitch, Inhibited spontaneous emission in solid-state physics and electronics. Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2059 (1987)
S. John, Strong localization of photons in certain disordered dielectric super lattices. Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2486–2489 (1987)
A. Foroughifar, H. Saghaei, E. Veisi, Design and analysis of a novel four-channel optical filter using ring resonators and line defects in photonic crystal microstructure. Opt. Quant. Electron. 53, 101 (2021)
T. Zhang, J. Sun, Y. Yang, Z. Li, Photonic crystal filter based on defect mode and waveguide mode symmetry matching. Opt. Commun. 428, 53–56 (2018)
S. Rebhi, M. Najjar, High Q-factor optical filter with high refractive index sensitivity based on hourglass-shaped photonic crystal ring resonator. Optik 202, 163663 (2020)
R. Rajasekar, G. Thavasi Raja, J.K. Jayabarathan, S. Robinson, High speed nano-optical encoder using photonic crystal ring resonator. Photon. Netw. Commun. 40, 31–39 (2020)
H. Seif-Dargahi, Ultra-fast all-optical encoder using photonic crystal-based ring resonators. Photon Netw. Commun. 36, 272–277 (2018)
R. Rajasekar, R. Latha, S. Robinson, Ultra-contrast ratio optical encoder using photonic crystal waveguide. Mater. Lett. 251, 144–147 (2019)
M.R. Jalali Azizpour, M. Soroosh, N. Dalvand, Y. Seifi-Kavian, All-optical ultra-fast graphene-photonic crystal switch. Crystals 9, 461 (2019)
K. Liu, H. Fan, S. Feng, H. Guo, C. Li, Three-output-channel photonic crystal splitter and switch based on nonlinear resonators and the self-collimation characteristics of a light beam. Appl. Opt. 58, 9548–9555 (2019)
M. Mohammadi, V. Fallahi, M. Seifouri, Ultracompact all-optical full adders using an interference effect based on 2D photonic crystal nanoring resonators. J. Comput. Electron. 20, 409–418 (2020)
R. Moradi, All optical half subtractor using photonic crystal based nonlinear ring resonators. Opt. Quant. Electron. 51, 119 (2019)
X. Liu, C. Wu, S. Feng, X. Chen, C. Li, Y. Wang, Multiple wavelength-selecting and beam-splitting photonic crystal functional device based on the mode coupling between the central microcavity and the adjacent waveguides. Appl. Opt. 57, 5405–5412 (2018)
I. Moumeni, A. Labbani, Very high efficient of 1 × 2, 1 × 4 and 1 × 8 Y beam splitters based on photonic crystal ring slot cavity. Opt. Quant. Electron. 53, 129 (2021)
X.X. Shen, Y.Z. Ren, 1 × 3 beam splitters based on multimode interference effect in photonic crystal waveguides formed by holographic lithography. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 479, 012039 (2019)
X. Xu, H. Zhang, J. Huang, Y. Liu, N. Zhai, Dynamically adjustable photonic crystal waveguide and beam splitter based on the nematic liquid crystal. Appl. Phys. B (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-022-07760-8
X. Xu, J. Huang, H. Zhang, X. Guo, S. Mu, Y. Liu, N. Zhai, Topological transition and topological line defects in dielectric photonic crystals. Opt. Commun. 498, 127262 (2021)
X.-F. Xu, J.-Y. Huang, H. Zhang, X.-Y. Guo, S.-S. Mu, Y.-Q. Liu, N. Zhai, Influence of medium column type on edge states in all-media topological photonic crystals. Opt. Eng. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.60.8.085104
P. Rani, Y. Kalra, R.K. Sinha, Design of all optical logic gates in photonic crystal waveguides. Optik 126, 950–955 (2015)
V. Jandieri, R. Khomeriki, T. Onoprishvili, D.H. Werner, J. Berakdar, D. Erni, Functional all-optical logic gates for true time-domain signal processing in nonlinear photonic crystal waveguides. Opt Express 28, 18317–18331 (2020)
K.E. Muthu, S. Selvendran, V. Keerthana, K. Murugalakshmi, A.S. Raja, Design and analysis of a reconfigurable XOR/OR logic gate using 2D photonic crystals with low latency. Opt. Quant. Electron. 52, 9 (2020)
E. Veisi, M. Seifouri, S. Olyaee, A novel design of all-optical high speed and ultra-compact photonic crystal AND logic gate based on the Kerr effect. Appl. Phys. B 127, 1–9 (2021)
S.E. Kordi, R. Yousefi, S.S. Ghoreishi, H. Adrang, All-optical OR, NOT and XOR gates based on linear photonic crystal with high port-to-port isolation. Appl. Phys. B 126, 169 (2020)
H.G.Jile, Realization of an all-optical comparator using beam interference inside photonic crystal waveguides. Appl. Opt. 59, 12 (2020)
Y. Chan, C. Chan, Z. Liu, Photonic band gaps in two dimensional photonic quasicrystals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 956–959 (1998)
D. Shechtman, I. Blech, D. Gratias, J.W. Cahn, metallic phase with long-range orientational order and No translational symmetry. Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 183–185 (1984)
W. Liu, X. Sun, Q. Fan, S. Wang, Y. Qi, The investigation of multi-channel splitters and big-bend waveguides based on 2D sunflower-typed photonic crystals. Superlattices Microstruct. 100, 1291–1295 (2016)
D.-X. Yan, J.-S. Li, Y. Wang, High sensitivity terahertz refractive index sensor based on sunflower-shaped circular photonic crystal. Acta Phys. Sin. 68, 207801 (2019)
A. Heydari, A. Bahrami, A. Mahmoodi, All-optical XOR, XNOR, NAND and OR logic gates based on photonic crystal 3-DB coupler for BPSK signals. J. Opt. Commun. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2018-0228
H. Mamnoon-Sofiani, S. Javahernia, All optical NAND/NOR and majority gates using nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonator. J. Opt. Commun. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2020-0246
M. Karimzadeh, A. Andalib, All Optical BPSK Demodulator Using Photonic Crystal Based Coupled Waveguides. Journal of Optical Communications 42, 211–215 (2021)
S. Olyaee, M. Seifouri, A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, M. Sardari, Realization of all-optical NOT and XOR logic gates based on interference effect with high contrast ratio and ultra-compacted size. Opt. Quant. Electron. 50, 385 (2018)
F. Parandin, M.M. Karkhanehchi, Terahertz all-optical NOR and AND logic gates based on 2D photonic crystals. Superlattices Microstruct. 101, 253–260 (2017)
F. Parandin, M. Moayed, Designing and simulation of 3-input majority gate based on two-dimensional photonic crystals. Optik 216, 164930 (2020)
A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, S. Olyaee, Proposal of a Cascade Photonic Crystal XOR Logic Gate for Optical Integrated Circuits with Investigation of Fabrication Error and Optical Power Changes, Photonics, 8 (2021).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, X., Liu, Y., Zhai, N. et al. Design of an logic gate based on Sunflower six-fold quasi-periodic photonic crystal. Appl. Phys. B 128, 124 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-022-07849-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-022-07849-0