11-μs time-resolved, continuous dual-comb spectroscopy with spectrally filtered mode-locked frequency combs

Applied Physics B volume 127, Article number: 17 (2021) Cite this article

Abstract

Broadband dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) based on portable mode-locked fiber frequency combs is a powerful tool for in situ, calibration-free, multi-species spectroscopy. While the acquisition of a single spectrum with mode-locked DCS typically takes microseconds to milliseconds, the applications of these spectrometers have generally been limited to systems and processes with time changes on the order of seconds or minutes due to the need to average many spectra to reach a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Here, we demonstrate high-speed, continuous, fiber mode-locked laser DCS with down to 11 μs time resolution. We achieve this by filtering the comb spectra using portable Fabry–Perot cavities to generate filtered combs with 1 GHz tooth spacing. The 1 GHz spacing increases the DCS acquisition speed and SNR for a given optical bandwidth while retaining a sufficient spacing to resolve absorption features over a wide range of conditions. We measure spectra of methane inside a rapid compression machine throughout the 16 ms compression cycle with 133 cm−1 bandwidth (4000 comb teeth) and 1.4 ms time resolution by spectrally filtering one of the combs. By filtering both combs, we measured a single-shot, 25 cm−1 (750 comb teeth) spectrum of CO around 6330 cm−1 in 11 μs. The technique enables simultaneously high-speed and high-resolution DCS measurements, and can be applied anywhere within the octave-spanning spectrum of robust and portable fiber mode-locked frequency combs.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. Scott Diddams for providing the low dispersion mirrors used in the fabrication of the filter cavities. We also thank Anthony Draper for assisting us with the RCM experiment and Jeffrey Mohr, Andrew Zdanowicz and Prof. Anthony Marchese at Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory at Colorado State University for operating the RCM and our funding agencies Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (W31P4Q-15-1-0011), Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-17-1-0224), National Science Foundation (CBET 1454496) and NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program (18-PLANET18R).

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  1. Precision Laser Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA

    Nazanin Hoghooghi, Ryan K. Cole & Gregory B. Rieker

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  1. Nazanin Hoghooghi
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  2. Ryan K. Cole
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Correspondence to Nazanin Hoghooghi.

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Hoghooghi, N., Cole, R.K. & Rieker, G.B. 11-μs time-resolved, continuous dual-comb spectroscopy with spectrally filtered mode-locked frequency combs. Appl. Phys. B 127, 17 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-020-07552-y

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