Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cavity ring-down absorption and laser-induced fluorescence for quantitative measurements of CH radicals in low-pressure flames

  • Published:
Applied Physics B Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The absolute, quantitative spatially resolved distribution of CH radicals was measured in the reaction zone of a low-pressure methane/air flame (25 Torr) using a combination of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and cavity ring-down (CRD) absorption spectroscopy operating on the A 2Δ–X 2Π(0,0) transition. The spatially resolved 1-D image of LIF provides a direct measure of the CH distribution along the path of the laser beam in the CRD cavity. The temperature distribution was determined from measurements on a pair of rotational transitions. A series of LIF line images and CRD absorption measurements taken at various burner heights are combined to form a quantitative 2-D image of the CH distribution. This is used to interpret the CRD measurements along this inhomogeneous path. The 10 ppm peak CH concentration measured here on the centerline of the flame is in good agreement (within 15%) with earlier CH A–X LIF measurements calibrated by Rayleigh and Raman scattering. A 1-D LIF image collected simultaneously with CRD absorption was also used to quantify and optimize the spatial resolution of the CRD measurement.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A.C. Eckbreth: Laser Diagnostics for Combustion Temperature and Species (Gordon and Breach, Amsterdam 1996)

  2. K. Kohse-Höinghaus: Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 20, 203 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. A.K. Hays, A.C. Eckbreth, G.A. Campbell (eds.): Process Diagnostics: Materials, Combustion, Fusion, Materials Research (Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA 1988)

  4. J.B. Jeffries: ‘Applications of Laser-induced Fluorescence for Atmospheric and Combustion Diagnostics’. In: Western States Section Meet. Combustion Institute, 2000

  5. A. McIlroy, J.B. Jeffries: Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy for Concentration Measurements, Applied Combustion Diagnostics, ed. by K. Kohse-Höinghaus, J.B. Jeffries (Taylor & Francis, New York 2002) p. 98

  6. X. Mercier, P. Jamette, J.F. Pauwels, P. Desgroux: Chem. Phys. Lett. 305, 334 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. X. Mercier, E. Therssen, J.F. Pauwels, P. Desgraoux: Combust. Flame 125, 656 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. I. Derzy, V.A. Lozovsky, S. Cheskis: Chem. Phys. Lett. 306, 319 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. R. Evertsen, R.L. Stolk, J.J. ter Meulen: Combust. Sci. Technol. 149, 19 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  10. R. Evertsen, J.A. Van Oijen, R.T.E. Hermanns, L.P.H. De Goey, J.J. ter Meulen: Combust. Flame 132, 34 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. J.W. Thoman Jr., A. McIlroy: J. Phys. Chem. A 104, 4953 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  12. J. Luque, J.B. Jeffries, G.P. Smith, D.R. Crosley, J.J. Scherer: Combust. Flame 126, 1725 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. J. Luque, J.B. Jeffries, G.P. Smith, D.R. Crosley: Appl. Phys. B 73, 731 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. P.A. Berg, D.A. Hill, A.R. Noble, G.P. Smith, J.B. Jeffries, D.R. Crosley: Combust. Flame 121, 223 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. G. Berden, R. Peeters, G. Meijer: Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 19, 565 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. J.A. Miller, C.T. Bowman: Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 15, 287 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. G.P. Smith, D.M. Golden, M. Frenklach, N.W. Moriarty, B. Eiteneer, M. Goldenberg, C.T. Bowman, R.K. Hanson, S. Song, W.C. Gardiner, V. Lissianski, Z. Qin: GRI-Mech 3.0 web site: http://www.me.berkeley.edu/gri_mech/ (1999)

  18. K.C. Smith, D.R. Crosley: Detection of Minor Species with Laser Techniques, Applied Combustion Diagnostics, ed. by K. Höinghaus, J.B. Jeffries (Taylor & Francis, New York 2002) p. 9

  19. K. Kohse-Höinghaus, J.B. Jeffries (eds.): Applied Combustion Diagnostics, in Combustion (Taylor & Francis, New York 2002)

  20. C.P. Fenimore: Proc. Combust. Inst. 13, 373 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  21. J. Luque, D.R. Crosley: Appl. Phys. B 63, 91 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  22. J. Luque, G.P. Smith, D.R. Crosley: Proc. Combust. Inst. 26, 959 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  23. P.A. Berg, G.P. Smith, J.B. Jeffries, D.R. Crosley: Proc. Combust. Inst. 27, 1377 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  24. J. Luque, R.J.H. Klein-Douwel, G.P. Smith, J.B. Jeffries, D.R. Crosley: Appl. Phys. B 75, 779 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  25. J. Luque, R.J.H. Klein-Douwel, J.B. Jeffries, D.R. Crosley: Appl. Phys. B 71, 85 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. H.M. Hertz, M. Aldén: Appl. Phys. B 42, 97 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  27. K. Kohse-Höinghaus, J.B. Jeffries, R.A. Copeland, G.P. Smith, D.R. Crosley: Proc. Combust. Inst. 23, 1857 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  28. W.P. Partridge, N.M. Laurendeau: Appl. Opt. 34, 2645 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  29. J.T. Salmon, N.M. Laurendeau: Appl. Opt. 24, 65 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  30. W.K. Bischel, D.J. Bamford, L.E. Jusinski: Appl. Opt. 25, 1215 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  31. J. Luque, W. Juchmann, J.B. Jeffries: Appl. Opt. 36, 3261 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  32. J. Luque, W. Juchmann, J.B. Jeffries: J. Appl. Phys. 82, 2072 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. J. Luque, D.R. Crosley (eds.): LIFBASE: Database and spectral simulation for diatomic molecules, SRI International, MP-99-0099, www.sri.com/cem/lifbase (1999)

  34. J. Luque, D.R. Crosley: J. Chem. Phys. 104, 2146 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. P. Zalicki, R.N. Zare: J. Chem. Phys. 102, 2708 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. A.P. Yalin, R.N. Zare: Laser Phys. 12, 1065 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  37. A. Staicu, R.L. Stolk, J.J. ter Meulen: J. Appl. Phys. 91, 969 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. M. Young: Optics and Lasers: Including Fibers and Optical Waveguides (Springer, Berlin 2000)

  39. S. Spuler, M. Linne: Appl. Opt. 41, 2858 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  40. M. Tamura, P.A. Berg, J.E. Harrington, J. Luque, J.B. Jeffries, G.P. Smith, D.R. Crosley: Combust. Flame 114, 502 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. J. Luque, D.R. Crosley: Appl. Opt. 99, 1423 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  42. D.H. Lee, Y. Yoon, B. Kim, J.Y. Lee, Y.S. Yoo, J.W. Hahn: Appl. Phys. B 74, 435 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. H. Naus, I.H. v. Stokkum, W. Hogervorst, W. Ubachs: Appl. Opt. 40, 4416 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  44. I. Labazan, S. Rudic, S. Milosevic: Chem. Phys. Lett. 320, 613 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. R.T. Jongma, M.G.H. Boogarts, I. Holleman, G. Meijer: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 2821 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. J.T. Hodges, J.P. Looney, R.D. v. Zee: Appl. Opt. 35, 4112 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  47. R.D. v. Zee, J.T. Hodges, J.P. Looney: Appl. Opt. 18, 3951 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  48. R.L. Stolk, J.J. ter Meulen: Diamond Relat. Mater. 8, 1251 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. X. Mercier, L. Pillier, A. Bakali, M. Carlier, J.F. Pauwels, P. Desgroux: Faraday Discuss. 119, 305 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. L. Pillier, C. Moreau, X. Mercier, J.F. Pauwels, P. Desgroux: Appl. Phys. B 74, 427 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. X. Ouyang, P.L. Varghese: Appl. Opt. 29, 4884 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Physics Laboratory, SRI International, 94025, Menlo Park, CA, USA

    J. Luque, P.A. Berg, J.B. Jeffries, G.P. Smith & D.R. Crosley

  2. NovaWave Technologies, 94065, Redwood Shores, CA, USA

    J.J. Scherer

Authors
  1. J. Luque
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P.A. Berg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J.B. Jeffries
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. G.P. Smith
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. D.R. Crosley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. J.J. Scherer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J.B. Jeffries.

Additional information

PACS

42.62.Fi; 82.33.Vx; 33.80.Gj

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Luque, J., Berg, P., Jeffries, J. et al. Cavity ring-down absorption and laser-induced fluorescence for quantitative measurements of CH radicals in low-pressure flames. Appl Phys B 78, 93–102 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-003-1331-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-003-1331-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation