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Feedback-controlled two-wave coupling in reflection geometry: application to lithium niobate crystals subjected to extremely high external electric fields

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Abstract

An active stabilization of photorefractive two-wave coupling by means of an electronic feedback loop has been used extensively during recent years in transmission geometry. It leads to 100% diffraction efficiency η and also to periodic states instead of familiar steady states. We investigate the feedback operation in the case of reflection geometry, especially for iron-doped lithium niobate (LiNbO3:Fe) crystals. This includes formulation of the feedback equations, numerical analysis of the operation regimes for LiNbO3 crystals, and comparison between theory and experiment, which is performed in the range of applied electric fields from 0 to 650 kV cm-1. The main findings are as follows: (i) the feedback does not lead to periodic states, (ii) it modifies the photorefractive response by introducing a frequency shift and maximizes η, and (iii) there is a close relation between the enhancement of η and the resonant excitation of space-charge waves predicted earlier in ferroelectric materials.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, University of Osnabrück, 49069, Osnabrück, Germany

    M. Gorkunov

  2. International Institute for Nonlinear Studies, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia

    B. Sturman

  3. Institute of Physics, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany

    M. Luennemann  & K. Buse

Authors
  1. M. Gorkunov
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  2. B. Sturman
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  3. M. Luennemann
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  4. K. Buse
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Correspondence to M. Gorkunov .

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PACS

42.40.Ht; 42.65.Hw

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Gorkunov , M., Sturman , B., Luennemann , M. et al. Feedback-controlled two-wave coupling in reflection geometry: application to lithium niobate crystals subjected to extremely high external electric fields. Appl. Phys. B 77, 43–48 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-003-1258-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-003-1258-8

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