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Influence of in-situ substrate temperature on anisotropic behaviour of glancing angle grown nickel nanocolumns

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Abstract

In this work, we report magnetic and optical anisotropies in tilted nickel (Ni) nanocolumns and their dependencies on the film growth conditions. The Ni nanocolumns were prepared using electron beam evaporation technique in conjunction with glancing angle deposition methodology. The film depositions were performed at various in-situ substrate temperatures viz. 30 °C, 150 °C, 250 °C and 300 °C. An increase in material density with in-situ substrate temperature due to the thermal diffusion mediated coalescence of neighbouring grains was observed. The results were further corroborated with the alterations in surface morphology of the films. The modification in tilt angle of the Ni nanocolumns was also observed with in-situ substrate heating due to the non-ballistic growth approach. The presence of uniaxial optical anisotropy was established in the films deposited at low substrate temperatures (< 250 °C) using generalized ellipsometry (GE). However, the uniaxial optical anisotropy was found to be negligible for the high temperature deposited films due to thermal diffusion effect. SQUID measurements were performed for quantification of magnetic anisotropy in the films. The estimated magnetic anisotropy energy confirmed low substrate temperature deposited films to be more anisotropic as compared to others. Magnetic coercivity of the films showed film porosity dependent changes in the field values. Overall, the present investigation demonstrates anisotropic behaviour of nanocolumnar nickel thin films for non-ballistic glancing angle deposition.

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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge Dr. D. V. Udupa (Head, Atomic & Molecular Physics Division, BARC- Mumbai) and Dr. S. Pradhan (Head, Photonics & Quantum Optics Section, A&MPD, BARCF- Visakhapatnam) for encouragement and support. The authors also wish to thank Dr. A.K. Debnath, BARC Mumbai for technical discussions and Sri Jitendra S. Misal, BARCF- Visakhapatnam for help in film preparation.

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Funding information is not applicable/no funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Photonics and Quantum Optics Section, Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facility, Visakhapatnam, 531011, India

    Rajnarayan De, S. Maidul Haque, C. Prathap & K. Divakar Rao

  2. Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, 382428, India

    S. Augustine & M. Ranjan

  3. School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India

    B. Das, M. K. Sikdar & P. K. Sahoo

  4. Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India

    Rajnarayan De, S. Augustine, B. Das, M. K. Sikdar, M. Ranjan, P. K. Sahoo, S. Maidul Haque & K. Divakar Rao

  5. Technology Innovation and Development Foundation (TIDF), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India

    M. K. Sikdar

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  1. Rajnarayan De
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  2. S. Augustine
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Contributions

RD and KDR contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by RD, SA, BD, MKS, MR, PKS, SMH and CP. The first draft of the manuscript was written by RD and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Rajnarayan De.

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De, R., Augustine, S., Das, B. et al. Influence of in-situ substrate temperature on anisotropic behaviour of glancing angle grown nickel nanocolumns. Appl. Phys. A 130, 126 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-024-07300-5

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