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Development and evaluation of ZnO and ZnO/MWCNT composite as CO2 gas sensors

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Abstract

Sensing devices have currently become essential to monitor CO2 concentrations in human exhalation and the environment. These devices play a crucial role in identifying acceptable limits and ventilation rates in the workplace, thus optimizing the return to classrooms, laboratories, and offices during the global coronavirus pandemic (SARS-CoV-2). The purpose of this study is to obtain a composite material by combining zinc oxide (ZnO) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and investigate its structural and sensing properties. Pure ZnO nanostructures were synthesized by homogeneous precipitation assisted by ultrasound irradiation, while MWCNTs were prepared by spray pyrolysis at 700 °C. Subsequently, the ZnO/MWCNT composite was synthesized by wet chemical method and tested for CO2 detection at different concentrations from 5 to 500 ppm. The hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO and ZnO/MWCNT composite was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements at room temperature. Additionally, a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed a rod-like morphology in the ZnO structures and agglomerated prisms in the ZnO/MWCNT composite. Finally, the CO2 detection properties analyzed in this study were sensing response, response time, recovery time, repeatability, and stability in both samples.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed throughout the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

MJR-A. thanks Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado for the financial support through Project 100524279-VIEP2022. The authors are thankful to Maria Eugenia Rabanal Jiménez of the Powder Technology Group at Universidad Carlos III (UC3M) and Universidad Complutense de Madrid for her support and assistance in carrying out the experimental section to obtain the multi-walled carbon nanotubes and the measurements of SEM and TEM images. Additional thanks to Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste for the measurements in the beamline XRD1 under the support of Dr. Maurizio Polentarutti. RL-R. wishes to thank CONACyT for Grant Agreement No. 920025.

Funding

This study was financially supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) [Grant Agreement No. 920025] and Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado (VIEP) [Project 100524279-VIEP2022].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Instituto de Ciencias, Centro de Investigación en Dispositivos Semiconductores, Edificio 105 C, Boulevard 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Col. San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico

    Ricardo Lozano-Rosas, José Manuel Bravo-Arredondo & María Josefina Robles-Águila

  2. Department of Mechanics and Advanced Materials, School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Avenida Lago de Guadalupe KM 3.5, Margarita Maza de Juárez, Lopez Mateos, 52926, Mexico City, Mexico

    Ventaka Krishna Karthik-Tangirala

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  1. Ricardo Lozano-Rosas
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MJR-A contributed to the study conception, conceptualization and design; RL-R, , MJR-A, VKK-T contributed to methodology; L-RR, , MJR-A, VKK-T, JMB-A contributed to formal analysis and investigation; RL-R, , MJR-A, VKK-T, contributed to writing—original draft preparation; MJR-A, JMB-A contributed to writing—review and editing; MJR-A contributed to funding acquisition. All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to María Josefina Robles-Águila.

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Lozano-Rosas, R., Bravo-Arredondo, J.M., Karthik-Tangirala, V.K. et al. Development and evaluation of ZnO and ZnO/MWCNT composite as CO2 gas sensors. Appl. Phys. A 129, 788 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-023-07061-7

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