Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Influence of different rolling processes on the microstructures and mechanical properties of 6016 aluminum alloy

  • Published:
Applied Physics A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The influence laws of two different rolling processes on the microstructures and properties of 6016 aluminum alloys in rolling, T4, T4P states, and aging are studied, respectively. The microstructures under different rolling processes are also analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results indicate that during the cold rolling process, compared with B alloy, A alloy generated small initial grains. The small initial grains will increase the deformation resistance, and the strength and hardness of A alloy are better after rolling, but with poor plasticity. After solution treatment, A alloy generated small grains with recrystallization, the hardness, plasticity, and formability of A alloy in T4 state are better than B alloy after solution treatment and natural aging. A alloy is more sensitive to aging response, and artificial aging occurs during the pre-aging process. The proportion of large Angle grain boundaries in A alloy is large but with small dislocation density, uneven distribution, and small texture content. This makes A alloy have better strength and hardness in T4P and poor plasticity and formability than B alloy after solution treatment, pre-aging and natural aging. However, the strength and hardness of A alloy are also smaller than that of alloy B after artificial aging.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

References

  1. Z. Zhan, Application situation and demand prospect of aluminum automobile body sheet. Nonferrous Metals Process. 41(06), 1–5+8 (2012). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1671-6795.2012.06.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Y.P. Xu, Y.L. Ren, F. Li, X.S. Wei, E.J. Lu, Effect of dynamic cooling pre-ageing on bake hardening response of aluminum alloy 6016. Light Alloy Fabric. Technol. 46(10), 29–33 (2018). https://doi.org/10.13979/j.1007-7235.2018.10.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. X.J. Wang, W. Sun, J.F. Chen, F.Y. Wang, L. Li, J.Z. Cui, Microstructures and properties of 6016 aluminum alloy with gradient composition. Rare Met. 40(8), 2154–2159 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-020-01515-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. L. Ding, Z. Jia, Z. Zhang, R.E. Sanders, Q. Liu, G. Yang, The natural aging and precipitation hardening behavior of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys with different Mg/Si ratios and Cu additions. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 627, 119–126 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.12.086

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. M. Cui, Y.H. Jo, S.H. Kayani, H.W. Kim, J.H. Lee, Effects of Cu additions on the precipitation activation energy and mechanical properties of prestrained Al–Mg–Si alloys. J. Market. Res. 20, 2629–2637 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.08.037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. R. Zang, Y. Ning, L. Ding, Z. Jia, K. Xiang, Q. Liu, Y. Li, Study on properties and precipitation behavior of 6000 series alloys with high Mg/Si ratios and Cu contents. Mater. Charact. 194, 112402 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2022.112402

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Y. Aruga, M. Kozuka, Y. Takaki, T. Sato, Effects of natural aging after pre-aging on clustering and bake-hardening behavior in an Al–Mg–Si alloy. Scripta Mater. 116, 82–86 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.01.019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. F.B. Zhang, X.J. Xu, Y. Luo, T. Song, Y.K. Zhang, Z.Q. Zhang, Research progress of microalloyed 6××× series aluminum alloys. Mater. Rep. 26(S1), 384–388 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Y. Jiang, F. Liu, Effects of Sc or/and Ge addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast 6016 Al alloy. J. Alloys Compd. 809, 151829 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.151829

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. L. Yan, Y. Zhang, X. Li, Z. Li, F. Wang, H. Liu, B. Xiong, Effect of Zn addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of an Al–Mg–Si alloy. Progress Nat. Sci. Mater. Int. 24(2), 97–100 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2014.03.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. D. Kong, A. Li, R. Yu, B. Lu, L. Wang, T. Zuo, S. Wei, Effects of Cu element and heat treatment process on microstructures and properties of 6016 aluminum alloy. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1635, 012021 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1635/1/012021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. X. Wu, Z.P. Guan, Z.Z. Yang, X. Wang, F. Qiu, H.Y. Wang, Effect of Cu content on central-segregation composition and mechanical properties of Al–Mg–Si alloys produced by twin-roll casting. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 869, 144782 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2023.144782

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. H.J. Zhao, S.Y. Li, R.W. Zhan, Z.B. Yang, D. Ai, T.S. Deng, Y.W. Cao, Influence of graded quenching on natural aging and paint hardening of 6016 aluminum alloy. Heat Treat. Met. 43(08), 198–202 (2018). https://doi.org/10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2018.08.041

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. A. Ghosh, A. Roy, A. Ghosh, M. Ghosh, Influence of temperature on microstructure, crystallographic texture and mechanical properties of EN AW 6016 alloy during plane strain compression. Mater. Today Commun. 26, 101808 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.101808

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. O. Engler, C.D. Marioara, Y. Aruga, M. Kozuka, O.R. Myhr, Effect of natural aging or pre-ageing on the evolution of precipitate structure and strength during age hardening of Al–Mg–Si alloy AA 6016. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 759, 520–529 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.05.073

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. X.P. Chen, L. Mei, D. Chen, Z.L. Bao, Q. Liu, The effect of initial aging treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cryorolled 6016 Al alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 667, 311–316 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.04.099

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. A.G. Mochugovskiy, N.Y. Tabachkova, M.E. Ghayoumabadi, V.V. Cheverikin, A.V. Mikhaylovskaya, Joint effect of quasicrystalline icosahedral and L12-structured phases precipitation on the grain structure and mechanical properties of aluminum-based alloys. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 87, 196–206 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2021.01.055

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. J.X. Zhang, Q.K. Yue, K.L. Zhang, Y.J. Zhao, Effect of solution treatment on microstructure and texture of 6016 aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet. Hot Work. Technol. 46(10), 228–232 (2017). https://doi.org/10.14158/j.cnki.1001-3814.2017.10.061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. X.G. Duan, H.T. Jiang, Z.L. Mi, L.L. Wang, X. Li, Effect of rolling method on microstructure and plastic anisotropy of 6016 aluminum alloy sheet. J. Mater. Eng. 48(08), 134–141 (2020). https://doi.org/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2019.000766

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Z.Y. Long, G.C. Yuan, C. Cheng, Effect of pretreatment on formability of asynchronously rolled 6016 aluminum alloy sheet. Heat Treat. Metals 45(12), 76–81 (2020). https://doi.org/10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2020.12.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. W.H. Liu, Q. Qiu, Y.Q. Chen, C.P. Tang, X. Liu, J.G. Tang, Texture evolution and mechanical properties of 6016 aluminum alloys as equal channel angular rolling at different preheat temperatures. Chin. J. Rare Metals 42(06), 586–593 (2018). https://doi.org/10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.xy17030006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Y.P. Xu, Y.L. Ren, Z.B. Xu, F. Chen, C.Y. Huang, F. Xie, Effect of cold rolling process on r value of 6016 aluminum alloy. Hot Work. Technol. 49(23), 41–44 (2020). https://doi.org/10.14158/j.cnki.1001-3814.20193350

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. F. Wang, L.C. Zu, D.W. Huang, Y. Zhang, J.S. Chen, X.Y. Zhang, Effect of final rolling temperature on uniformity of mechanical properties of 6061 aluminum alloy plate. Hot Work. Technol. 51(09), 43–46+51 (2021). https://doi.org/10.14158/j.cnki.1001-3814.202124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. C.J.T. Mason, R.I. Rodriguez, D.Z. Avery, B.J. Phillips, B.P. Bernarding, M.B. Williams, P.G. Allison, Process-structure-property relations for as-deposited solid-state additively manufactured high-strength aluminum alloy. Addit. Manuf. 40, 101879 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.101879

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. J. Oh, H.D. Park, M. Gwak, J. Lee, S. Son, A. Amanov, J.G. Kim, Mechanical property enhancement in gradient structured aluminum alloy by ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 812, 141101 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.141101

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Special funds for local scientific and technological development under the guidance of the central government (GuiKeZY21195030) and Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Project (GuiKeAD21238010).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Resources Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China

    Yu Rao, Anmin Li, Tianchen Zuo, Linzhong Wang, Yang Hu & Bo Lu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Nanning, 530004, China

    Anmin Li

  3. Key Laboratory of High Performance Structural Materials and Thermo-Surface Processing (Guangxi University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530004, China

    Anmin Li

Authors
  1. Yu Rao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Anmin Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tianchen Zuo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Linzhong Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yang Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Bo Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

YR and AL designed and performed the experiments, analyzed the data, and prepared the paper. TZ and LW participated to collect the materials related to the experiment. YH and BL designed the experiments and revised the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anmin Li.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rao, Y., Li, A., Zuo, T. et al. Influence of different rolling processes on the microstructures and mechanical properties of 6016 aluminum alloy. Appl. Phys. A 129, 690 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-023-06969-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-023-06969-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation