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Concentration-induced morphological changes of biocompatible La3+, Yb3+, Er3+ tri-doped NaYF4 compounds

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Abstract

The upconversion (UC) materials possess luminescence and magnetic properties that attempt greater significance in detecting cancer cells. This work targets the effects of doping (10–30%) La3+ into NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ compounds using the hydrothermal technique with trisodium citrate as a stabilisation and capping agent. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) confirmed the crystal phases of La3+-doped (α + β) NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ compounds. The Williamson–Hall equation calculated the crystallite size and lattice strain of the synthesised particles. The morphological studies depicted the growth of the particles from hexagonal plates to rods on doping La3+ from 10 to 30% doping concentrations. The sample NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+, 20% La3+ has shown maximum UC red emission and green emission intensity at 976 and 795 nm excitation, respectively, which makes the material eligible for bio-imaging application. The entire sample displayed paramagnetic properties. The cytotoxicity test on Vero cell lines assessed the viability of the prepared samples.

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The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author at reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of India, for providing financial support to Mrs Namagal S vide reference no.SR/WOS-A/PM-97/2017 under Women Scientist Scheme (WOS-A) to carry out this work, CIF—Pondicherry University for characterisation facilities, IIT madras for XRD facilities and Greensmed Labs for cytotoxicity study.

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  1. Department of Physics, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India

    S. Namagal & N. Victor Jaya

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Methods, including statements of data availability and references, are available in the online version of this paper. SN: conceptualization; material preparation; data curation; formal analysis; funding acquisition; investigation; methodology; original draft; writing. NVJ:  project administration; resources; supervision; validation; visualization.

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Namagal, S., Victor Jaya, N. Concentration-induced morphological changes of biocompatible La3+, Yb3+, Er3+ tri-doped NaYF4 compounds. Appl. Phys. A 129, 206 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-023-06494-4

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