Production and characterization of titanium oxide nanoparticle using extract of macrophytic alga

Abstract

This study described a “green chemistry” synthesis of titanium oxide nanoparticle (TiO₂-NP) using environment-friendly reducing agents that were from Elodea canadensis. The obtained TiO₂-NP has an intense surface plasmon reverberation band at ~ 250 nm with UV–visible spectroscopic investigation which showed the intactness of TiO₂-NPs. The morphological behaviour of TiO₂-NPs was watched beneath field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, shown that TiO₂-NPs have a spherical pattern with a normal estimate of ~ 25 nm in breadth. The occurrence of the critical elements was pinpointed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy study, which displays the predominant titanium and oxide elements. Further support with a defined morphology and size distribution was rendered by atomic force microscopy and 3D high-power microscopy analyses. X-ray powder diffraction and chosen area electron diffraction examinations affirmed that TiO₂-NPs are crystal clear in macrocosm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study was uncovered natural composition of the TiO₂-NPs, displaying Ti 2p crested at 458.48 eV with C1s crest for the catalyst that was shaped into a C–H constitute at 284.88 eV. The O 1s spectra moreover were displayed with authoritative vitality at 532.28 eV. XRD analysis gave proportion phase as 75%:25% for anatase and rutile. DLS showed polydispersity index esteem of − 1.23, and zeta potential for green synthesized Ti₂O-NPs was − 3.87 mV. A broad hydroxyl peak was identified, and prominent peaks were notified at 1631.78 cm⁻¹ and 3454.51 cm⁻¹ by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis.