Abstract
Chromium-doped TiO2 nanotubes (CT) film on titanium substrates was prepared by an in-situ electrochemical anodizing method and then a wide range time was used for photodeposition of NiO on the surface of CT to optimize the condition for the fabrication of NiO-chromium-doped TiO2 nanotubes (NCT). Various techniques were used to characterization which confirms the anatase form of TiO2 as well as the presence of NiO. The UV–Vis spectra exhibit that deposited of NiO on the surface of CT progressively enhances visible light absorption. Photoelectrochemical performance of as-prepared samples was studied in the presence and absence of light which showed that NCT samples are markedly beneficial for reducing photo generated charges recombination. NCT2 sample effectively increased photocurrent density four times more than the bare CT sample and showed the maximum amount of H2 evolution during water splitting after 60 min. In addition, Tafel tests are performed to investigate the photocathodic protection of as-prepared samples for 403 stainless steel. It was observed that the photocathodic protection performance is achieved for NCT2 which prepared at a photodeposition time of 20 min.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. Palmisano, S. Yurdakal, V. Augugliaro, V. Loddo, L. Palmisano, Photocatalytic selective oxidation of 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol to aldehyde in aqueous suspension of home-prepared titanium dioxide catalyst. Adv. Synth. Catal. 349, 964–970 (2007)
L. Cheng, S. Qiu, J. Chen, J. Shao, S. Cao, A practical pathway for the preparation of Fe2O3 decorated TiO2 photocatalyst with enhanced visible-light photoactivity. Mater. Chem. Phys. 190, 53–61 (2017)
T. Mohammadi, A. Zeini Isfahani, Photooxidation of Salicylic Acid with TiO2 and Metal Coated TiO2, Acta Chim. Slov. 55, 172–178 (2008).
J. Yu, J. Low, W. Xiao, P. Zhou, M. Jaroniec, Enhanced photocatalytic CO2-reduction activity of anatase TiO2 by coexposed 001 and 101 facets. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 8839–8842 (2014)
J.-C. Chou, M.-H. Yang, J.-W. Liao, C.-Y. Lee, J.-Y. Gan, Photoexcitation of TiO2 photoanode in water splitting. Mater. Chem. Phys. 143, 1417–1422 (2014)
A. Fujishima, Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode. Nature 238, 37–38 (1972)
L. Han, K. Feng, Z. Chen, Self-supported cobalt nickel nitride nanowires electrode for overall electrochemical water splitting. Energy Technol 5, 1908–1911 (2017)
D. Zhou, Z. Chen, T. Gao, F. Niu, L. Qin, Y. Huang, Hydrogen generation from water splitting on TiO2 nanotube-array-based photocatalysts. Energy Technology 3, 888–895 (2015)
K.-C. Sun, Y.-C. Chen, M.-Y. Kuo, H.-W. Wang, Y.-F. Lu, J.-C. Chung, Y.-C. Liu, Y.-Z. Zeng, Synthesis and characterization of highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays for hydrogen generation via water splitting. Mater. Chem. Phys. 129, 35–39 (2011)
J. Zhang, L. Li, Z. Xiao, D. Liu, S. Wang, J. Zhang, Y. Hao, W. Zhang, Hollow sphere TiO2–ZrO2 prepared by self-assembly with polystyrene colloidal template for both photocatalytic degradation and H2 evolution from water splitting. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 4, 2037–2046 (2016)
B. Modak, S.K. Ghosh, An efficient strategy for controlled band gap engineering of KTaO3. J Phys Chem C 120, 6920–6929 (2016)
T.W. Kim, K.-S. Choi, Nanoporous BiVO4 photoanodes with dual-layer oxygen evolution catalysts for solar water splitting. Science 343, 990–994 (2014)
D.H. van Dorp, N. Hijnen, M. Di Vece, J.J. Kelly, SiC: a photocathode for water splitting and hydrogen storage. Angew. Chem. 121, 6201–6204 (2009)
S. Riyajuddin, S. Tarik Aziz, S. Kumar, G.D. Nessim, K. Ghosh, 3D‐graphene decorated with g-C3N4/Cu3P composite: a noble metal‐free bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting, ChemCatChem 12, 1394–1402 (2020)
J. Tian, Q. Liu, A.M. Asiri, K.A. Alamry, X. Sun, Ultrathin graphitic C3N4 nanosheets/graphene composites: efficient organic electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction. Chemsuschem 7, 2125–2130 (2014)
D. Chen, Z. Liu, Z. Guo, W. Yan, M. Ruan, Decorating Cu2O photocathode with noble-metal-free Al and NiS cocatalysts for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting by light harvesting management and charge separation design. Chem. Eng. J. 381, 122655 (2020)
S.J. Moniz, S.A. Shevlin, D.J. Martin, Z.-X. Guo, J. Tang, Visible-light driven heterojunction photocatalysts for water splitting–a critical review. Energy Environ. Sci. 8, 731–759 (2015)
S. Anantharaj, S.R. Ede, K. Sakthikumar, K. Karthick, S. Mishra, S. Kundu, Recent trends and perspectives in electrochemical water splitting with an emphasis on sulfide, selenide, and phosphide catalysts of Fe Co, and Ni: a review. ACS Catal 6, 8069–8097 (2016)
H. Ahmad, S. Kamarudin, L. Minggu, M. Kassim, Hydrogen from photo-catalytic water splitting process: a review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 43, 599–610 (2015)
J. Cen, Q. Wu, M. Liu, A. Orlov, Developing new understanding of photoelectrochemical water splitting via in-situ techniques: a review on recent progress. Green Energy Environ 2, 100–111 (2017)
L.M. Peter, G. Dayal, L.H. Wong, F.F. Abdi, Understanding the role of nanostructuring in photoelectrode performance for light-driven water splitting. J Electroanal Chem 819, 447–458 (2018)
T. Su, Q. Shao, Z. Qin, Z. Guo, Z. Wu, Role of interfaces in two-dimensional photocatalyst for water splitting. Acs Catalysis 8, 2253–2276 (2018)
S.G. Kumar, L.G. Devi, Review on modified TiO2 photocatalysis under UV/visible light: selected results and related mechanisms on interfacial charge carrier transfer dynamics. J Phys Chem A 115, 13211–13241 (2011)
A. Gołąbiewska, A. Malankowska, M. Jarek, W. Lisowski, G. Nowaczyk, S. Jurga, A. Zaleska-Medynska, The effect of gold shape and size on the properties and visible light-induced photoactivity of Au-TiO2. Appl. Catal. B 196, 27–40 (2016)
D.V. Bavykin, J.M. Friedrich, F.C. Walsh, Protonated titanates and TiO2 nanostructured materials: synthesis, properties, and applications. Adv. Mater. 18, 2807–2824 (2006)
C.T. Teodorescu-Soare, C. Catrinescu, M. Dobromir, G. Stoian, A. Arvinte, D. Luca, Growth and characterization of TiO2 nanotube arrays under dynamic anodization. Photocatalytic activity. J. Electroanal. Chem. 823, 388–396 (2018)
M. Alsawat, T. Altalhi, J.G. Shapter, D. Losic, Influence of dimensions, inter-distance and crystallinity of Titania nanotubes (TNTs) on their photocatalytic activity. Catal. Sci. Technol. 4, 2091–2098 (2014)
W. Hou, S.B. Cronin, A review of surface plasmon resonance-enhanced photocatalysis. Adv. Func. Mater. 23, 1612–1619 (2013)
Y. Wang, Q. Wang, X. Zhan, F. Wang, M. Safdar, J. He, Visible light driven type II heterostructures and their enhanced photocatalysis properties: a review. Nanoscale 5, 8326–8339 (2013)
M.I. Litter, Heterogeneous photocatalysis: transition metal ions in photocatalytic systems. Appl. Catal. B 23, 89–114 (1999)
J. Yu, Y. Hai, B. Cheng, Enhanced photocatalytic H2-production activity of TiO2 by Ni (OH) 2 cluster modification. J Phys Chem C 115, 4953–4958 (2011)
P. Du, R. Eisenberg, Catalysts made of earth-abundant elements (Co, Ni, Fe) for water splitting: recent progress and future challenges. Energy Environ. Sci. 5, 6012–6021 (2012)
H. Wang, Q. Gong, H. Huang, T. Gao, Z. Yuan, G. Zhou, P-n heterostructured TiO2/NiO double-shelled hollow spheres for the photocatalytic degradation of papermaking wastewater. Mater. Res. Bull. 107, 397–406 (2018)
M. Ifires, T. Hadjersi, R. Chegroune, S. Lamrani, F. Moulai, M. Mebarki, A. Manseri, One-step electrodeposition of superhydrophobic NiO-Co(OH)2 urchin-like structures on Si nanowires as photocatalyst for RhB degradation under visible light. J. Alloy. Compd. 774, 908–917 (2019)
J. Ahmad, K. Majid, M.A. Dar, Controlled synthesis of p-type NiO/n-type GO nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic activity and study of temperature effect on the photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite. Appl. Surf. Sci. 457, 417–426 (2018)
G. Li, L. Wei, Y. Yang, Novel NiO-modified Cu2O photocathode for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Appl. Phys. A Mater Sci. Process (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-03491-9
J. Li, H. Cui, X. Song, N. Wei, J. Tian, The high surface energy of NiO 110 facets incorporated into TiO2 hollow microspheres by etching Ti plate for enhanced photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical activity. Appl. Surf. Sci. 396, 1539–1545 (2017)
L. Li, B. Cheng, Y. Wang, J. Yu, Enhanced photocatalytic H2-production activity of bicomponent NiO/TiO2 composite nanofibers. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 449, 115–121 (2015)
L.G. Devi, N. Kottam, S.G. Kumar, K.E. Rajashekhar, Preparation, characterization and enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ni2+ doped titania under solar light. Open Chem 8, 142–148 (2010)
W.-T. Chen, A. Chan, D. Sun-Waterhouse, J. Llorca, H. Idriss, G.I. Waterhouse, Performance comparison of Ni/TiO2 and Au/TiO2 photocatalysts for H2 production in different alcohol–water mixtures. J. Catal. 367, 27–42 (2018)
M. Sun, Z. Chen, J. Yu, Highly efficient visible light induced photoelectrochemical anticorrosion for 304 SS by Ni-doped TiO2. Electrochim. Acta 109, 13–19 (2013)
C. Han, Q. Shao, J. Lei, Y. Zhu, S. Ge, Preparation of NiO/TiO2 pn heterojunction composites and its photocathodic protection properties for 304 stainless steel under simulated solar light. J. Alloy. Compd. 703, 530–537 (2017)
P. Baghery, M. Farzam, A. Mousavi, M. Hosseini, Ni–TiO2 nanocomposite coating with high resistance to corrosion and wear. Surf. Coat. Technol. 204, 3804–3810 (2010)
Y.-F. Zhu, R.-G. Du, W. Chen, H.-Q. Qi, C.-J. Lin, Photocathodic protection properties of three-dimensional titanate nanowire network films prepared by a combined sol–gel and hydrothermal method. Electrochem. Commun. 12, 1626–1629 (2010)
J. Hu, Z.-C. Guan, Y. Liang, J.-Z. Zhou, Q. Liu, H.-P. Wang, H. Zhang, R.-G. Du, Bi2S3 modified single crystalline rutile TiO2 nanorod array films for photoelectrochemical cathodic protection. Corros. Sci. 125, 59–67 (2017)
M.M. Momeni, Y. Ghayeb, Photoelectrochemical water splitting on chromium-doped titanium dioxide nanotube photoanodes prepared by single-step anodizing. J. Alloy. Compd. 637, 393–400 (2015)
M.M. Momeni, Y. Ghayeb, M. Davarzadeh, Single-step electrochemical anodization for synthesis of hierarchical WO3–TiO2 nanotube arrays on titanium foil as a good photoanode for water splitting with visible light. J. Electroanal. Chem. 739, 149–155 (2015)
T. Sharifi, Y. Ghayeb, T. Mohammadi, M.M. Momeni, Enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting of CrTiO2 nanotube photoanodes by the decoration of their surface via the photodeposition of Ag and Au. Dalton Trans. 47, 11593–11604 (2018)
K. Sivaranjani, C.S. Gopinath, Porosity driven photocatalytic activity of wormhole mesoporous TiO2–xNx in direct sunlight. J. Mater. Chem. 21, 2639–2647 (2011)
R. Singh, H. Dong, Q. Zeng, L. Zhang, K. Rengasamy, Hexavalent chromium removal by chitosan modified-bioreduced nontronite. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 210, 25–41 (2017)
W.S. Zhang, E. Brück, Z.D. Zhang, O. Tegus, W.F. Li, P.Z. Si, D.Y. Geng, K.H.J. Buschow, Structure and magnetic properties of Cr nanoparticles and Cr2O3 nanoparticles. Phys. B 358, 332–338 (2005)
J.T. Irvine, D.C. Sinclair, A.R. West, Electroceramics: characterization by impedance spectroscopy. Adv. Mater. 2, 132–138 (1990)
Acknowledgements
The financial support of the Research Council of the Isfahan University of Technology is gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sharifi, T., Ghayeb, Y., Mohammadi, T. et al. Surface treatment of titanium by in-situ anodizination and NiO photodeposition: enhancement of photoelectrochemical properties for water splitting and photocathodic protection of stainless steel. Appl. Phys. A 127, 72 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-03901-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-03901-y