Skip to main content

Fabrication and thickness-dependent magnetic studies of tunable multiferroic heterostructures (CFO/LSMO/LAO)

Applied Physics A volume 125, Article number: 357 (2019) Cite this article

Abstract

This study investigates the structural and magnetic properties of LaAlO3(LAO)/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO)/CoFe2O4(CFO) heterostructures grown by pulsed laser deposition. X-ray diffraction analysis illustrates the crystalline oxide growth and the rocking curve measurement along the (200)-peak of LSMO show a small FWHM (0.37°), which indicates an excellent out-of-plane orientation of the film. Transmission electron and scanning electron energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirms the homogeneous distribution of structural and elemental composition of the heterostructure. From the static magnetic measurements in the LSMO films at room temperature, we report the presence of a ferromagnetic hysteresis loop with a coercive field of 327 Oe. In addition, we have examined the effect of CFO layer thickness on the ferromagnetism of LSMO and obtained improved magnetic properties with a maximum coercive field of 792 Oe in CFO/LSMO heterostructure for an optimum CFO thickness of ~ 40 nm. From the dynamic magnetic measurements using ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we have obtained a low Gilbert damping parameter of ~ 0.037 for the LSMO/LAO structure due to spin–orbit coupling. Besides, the small gyromagnetic ratio (0.002 GHz/Oe) of the same film is quite promising to design spin valve and magnetic tunneling-based devices.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price includes VAT (Canada)

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

References

  1. R. Ramesh, N.A. Spaldin, Multiferroics: progress and prospects in thin films. Nat. Mater. 6, 21–29 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1805

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. N.A. Spaldin, M. Fiebig, The renaissance of magnetoelectric multiferroics. Science 309, 391–392 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1113357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. A.R. Mahbub, A. Haque, K. Ghosh, Fabrication and Magnetic Characterization of CFO/NiO and CFO/NiS Heterostructures. J. Supercond. Nov. Magn. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-019-5032-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. J.M. Rondinelli, M. Stengel, N.A. Spaldin, Carrier-mediated magnetoelectricity in complex oxide heterostructures. Nat. Nanotechnol. 3, 46–50 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2007.412

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. J. Hoffman, X. Hong, C.H. Ahn, Device performance of ferroelectric/correlated oxide heterostructures for non-volatile memory applications. Nanotechnology 22, 254014 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/22/25/254014

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. D. Mukherjee, R. Hyde, M. Hordagoda, N. Bingham, H. Srikanth, S. Witanachchi, P. Mukherjee, Challenges in the stoichiometric growth of polycrystalline and epitaxial PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 multiferroic heterostructures using pulsed laser deposition. J. Appl. Phys. 112, 064101 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4751027

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. L. Jiang, W.S. Choi, H. Jeen, S. Dong, Y. Kim, M.-G. Han, Y. Zhu, S.V. Kalinin, E. Dagotto, T. Egami, H.N. Lee, Tunneling electroresistance induced by interfacial phase transitions in ultrathin oxide heterostructures. Nano Lett. 13, 5837–5843 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl4025598

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. C. Thiele, K. Dörr, W.-M. Lin, K.-H. Müller, L. Schultz, Multi-ferroic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 bilayers for electrical field-induced resistance modulations. Sens. Actuators Phys. 129, 180–183 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2005.11.039

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. T. Choi, Y. Horibe, H.T. Yi, Y.J. Choi, W. Wu, S.-W. Cheong, Insulating interlocked ferroelectric and structural antiphase domain walls in multiferroic YMnO3. Nat. Mater. 9, 253–258 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2632

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. M. Matsubara, S. Manz, M. Mochizuki, T. Kubacka, A. Iyama, N. Aliouane, T. Kimura, S.L. Johnson, D. Meier, M. Fiebig, Magnetoelectric domain control in multiferroic TbMnO3. Science 348, 1112–1115 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1260561

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. C. Lu, H. Deniz, X. Li, J.-M. Liu, S.-W. Cheong, Continuous magnetoelectric control in multiferroic DyMnO3 films with twin-like domains. Sci. Rep. 6, 20175 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20175

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Y. Tokunaga, Y. Kaneko, D. Okuyama, S. Ishiwata, T. Arima, S. Wakimoto, K. Kakurai, Y. Taguchi, Y. Tokura, Multiferroic M-type hexaferrites with a room-temperature conical state and magnetically controllable spin helicity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 257201 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.257201

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. S. Dong, J.-M. Liu, S.-W. Cheong, Z. Ren, Multiferroic materials and magnetoelectric physics: symmetry, entanglement, excitation, and topology. Adv. Phys. 64, 519–626 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2015.1114338

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. K.S. Pugazhvadivu, L. Balakrishnan, G.M. Rao, K. Tamilarasan, Room temperature ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties of Bi1 − xCaxMnO3 thin films. AIP Adv. 4, 117105 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4901184

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. P.M. Leufke, R. Kruk, R.A. Brand, H. Hahn, In situ magnetometry studies of magnetoelectric LSMO/PZT heterostructures. Phys. Rev. B 87, 094416 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.87.094416

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. M.A.A. Mamun, A. Haque, A. Pelton, B. Paul, K. Ghosh, Structural, electronic, and magnetic analysis and device characterization of ferroelectric-ferromagnetic heterostructure (BZT-BCT/LSMO/LAO) devices for multiferroic applications. IEEE Trans. Magn. 54, 1–8 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. M.M. Selvi, P. Manimuthu, K.S. Kumar, C. Venkateswaran, Magnetodielectric properties of CoFe2O4–BaTiO3 core–shell nanocomposite. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 369, 155–161 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2014.06.039

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. H.F. Wong, K. Wang, C.W. Leung, K.H. Wong, Magnetoresistance of manganite-cobalt ferrite spacerless junctions. IEEE Trans. Magn. 50, 1–4 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2013.2296503

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. R.W. Mccallum, K.W. Dennis, D.C. Jiles, J.E. Snyder, Y.H. Chen, Composite magnetostrictive materials for advanced automotive magnetomechanical sensors, in Mod. trends magnetostriction study Appl., ed. by M.R.J. Gibbs (Springer, Dordrecht, 2001), pp. 283–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0959-1_14

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Y. Chen, J.E. Snyder, C.R. Schwichtenberg, K.W. Dennis, R.W. McCallum, D.C. Jiles, Metal-bonded Co-ferrite composites for magnetostrictive torque sensor applications. IEEE Trans. Magn. 35, 3652–3654 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1109/20.800620

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. R. Sato Turtelli, M. Atif, N. Mehmood, F. Kubel, K. Biernacka, W. Linert, R. Grössinger, C. Kapusta, M. Sikora, Interplay between the cation distribution and production methods in cobalt ferrite. Mater. Chem. Phys. 132, 832–838 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.12.020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. I.C. Nlebedim, J.E. Snyder, A.J. Moses, D.C. Jiles, Dependence of the magnetic and magnetoelastic properties of cobalt ferrite on processing parameters. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 322, 3938–3942 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.08.026

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. A. Muhammad, R. Sato-Turtelli, M. Kriegisch, R. Grössinger, F. Kubel, T. Konegger, Large enhancement of magnetostriction due to compaction hydrostatic pressure and magnetic annealing in CoFe2O4. J. Appl. Phys. 111, 013918 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3675489

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. J. Teillet, F. Bouree, R. Krishnan, Magnetic structure of CoFe2O4. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 123, 93–96 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(93)90017-V

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. Y. Wang, J. Hu, Y. Lin, C.-W. Nan, Multiferroic magnetoelectric composite nanostructures. NPG Asia Mater. 2, 61–68 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/asiamat.2010.32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. A. Haque, J. Narayan, Electron field emission from Q-carbon. Diam. Relat. Mater. 86, 71–78 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2018.04.008

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. A. Haque, J. Narayan, Stability of electron field emission in Q-carbon. MRS Commun. 8, 1343–1351 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2018.172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. A. Haque, M.A. Mamun, M.F.N. Taufique, P. Karnati, K. Ghosh, Temperature dependent electrical transport properties of high carrier mobility reduced graphene oxide thin film devices. IEEE Trans. Semicond. Manuf. 31, 535–544 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/TSM.2018.2873202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. D. Mukherjee, T. Dhakal, R. Hyde, P. Mukherjee, H. Srikanth, S. Witanachchi, Role of epitaxy in controlling the magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of cobalt ferrite–PZT bilayers. J. Phys. Appl. Phys. 43, 485001 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/43/48/485001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. T. Dhakal, D. Mukherjee, R. Hyde, P. Mukherjee, M.H. Phan, H. Srikanth, S. Witanachchi, Magnetic anisotropy and field switching in cobalt ferrite thin films deposited by pulsed laser ablation. J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053914 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3327424

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. S. Dussan, A. Kumar, J.F. Scott, R.S. Katiyar, Magnetic effects on dielectric and polarization behavior of multiferroic heterostructures. Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 072904 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3327889

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. S. Dussan, A. Kumar, J.F. Scott, S. Priya, R.S. Katiyar, Room temperature multiferroic effects in superlattice nanocapacitors. Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 252902 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3528210

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. M.A.-A. Mamun, A. Haque, A. Pelton, B. Paul, K. Ghosh, Fabrication and ferromagnetic resonance study of BZT-BCT/LSMO heterostructure films on LAO and Pt. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 478, 132–139 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2019.01.098

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. H. Gao, M. Staruch, M. Jain, P.-X. Gao, P. Shimpi, Y. Guo, W. Cai, H. Lin, Structure and magnetic properties of three-dimensional (La, Sr)MnO3 nanofilms on ZnO nanorod arrays. Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 123105 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3567544

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. E.-J. Guo, A. Herklotz, A. Kehlberger, J. Cramer, G. Jakob, M. Kläui, Thermal generation of spin current in epitaxial CoFe2O4 thin films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 022403 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4939625

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. J.M.D. Coey, Magnetism and magnetic materials (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2010)

    Google Scholar 

  37. S. Jiang, L. Sun, Y. Yin, Y. Fu, C. Luo, Y. Zhai, H. Zhai, Ferromagnetic resonance linewidth and two-magnon scattering in Fe1−xGdx thin films. AIP Adv. 7, 056029 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4978004

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. M. Golosovsky, P. Monod, P.K. Muduli, R.C. Budhani, Spin-wave resonances in of spin-wave stiffness and anisotropy field. Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 76, 1–7 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.76.184413

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Ariful Haque and Ahmed R. Mahbub contribute equally to this paper as first authors. We would like to acknowledge the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base for providing the technical support for data acquisition. We would also like the acknowledgment National Science Foundation (NSF) grants (DMR-0723105 and DMR-0821159) for supporting this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, 65897, USA

    Ariful Haque, Ahmed R. Mahbub, Md Abdullah-Al Mamun, Mahmud Reaz & K. Ghosh

  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA

    Ariful Haque

  3. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA

    Ahmed R. Mahbub

  4. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA

    Md Abdullah-Al Mamun

Authors
  1. Ariful Haque
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ahmed R. Mahbub
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Md Abdullah-Al Mamun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mahmud Reaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. K. Ghosh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ahmed R. Mahbub.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Haque, A., Mahbub, A.R., Abdullah-Al Mamun, M. et al. Fabrication and thickness-dependent magnetic studies of tunable multiferroic heterostructures (CFO/LSMO/LAO). Appl. Phys. A 125, 357 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-019-2620-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-019-2620-y