Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new way to control the transparent far-field beam by varying coded sequence combinations based on transparent coding metasurface. As an example, an ultra-wideband and high-efficiency transparent coding metasurface is designed and measured. By elaborately arranging the coding sequences of coding meta-atoms to 1-bit, 2-bit, and 3-bit, with the transparent coding metasurface, can achieve two and four transparent far-field beam splitting and abnormal beam deflection when the EM wave is oblique incidence on the metasurface. The experimental results agree well with the numerical simulation results.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R.A. Shelby, D.R. Smith, S. Schultz, Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction. Science 292, 77–79 (2001)
J.B. Pendry, D. Schurig, D.R. Smith, Controlling electromagnetic fields. Science 312, 1780–1782 (2006)
Y. Li, J. Zhang, S. Qu et al., Wideband selective polarization conversion mediated by three-dimensional metamaterials. J. Appl. Phys. 115, 234506 (2014)
Q. Zheng, Y. Li, Y. Pang et al., Three dimensional dual-band phase gradient metamaterial based on Pancharatnam-Berry phase. J. Appl. Phys. 122, 063106 (2017)
J.B. Pendry, A.J. Holden, D.J. Robbins et al., Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 47, 2075–2084 (1999)
N. Yu, P. Genevet, M.A. Kats et al., Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction. Science 334, 333–337 (2011)
Y. Li, J. Zhang, S. Qu et al., Achieving wideband polarization-independent anomalous reflection for linearly polarized waves with dispersionless phase gradient metasurfaces. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 47, 425103 (2014)
Y. Li, J. Zhang, S. Qu et al., Achieving wide-band linear-to-circular polarization conversion using ultra-thin bi-layered metasurfaces. J. Appl. Phys. 117, 044501 (2015)
H. Zhu, F. Semperlotti, Anomalous refraction of acoustic guided waves in solids with geometrically tapered metasurfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 034302 (2016)
J. Wang, S. Qu, H. Ma et al., High-efficiency spoof plasmon polariton coupler mediated by gradient metasurfaces. Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 201104 (2012)
Y.F. Yu, A.Y. Zhu, R. Paniagua-Domínguez et al., High-transmission dielectric metasurface with 2π phase control at visible wavelengths. Laser Photonics Rev. 9, 412–418 (2015)
L. Wang, S. Kruk, H. Tang et al., Grayscale transparent metasurface holograms. Optica 3, 1504–1505 (2016)
Y. Li, J. Zhang, S. Qu et al., Wideband radar cross section reduction using two-dimensional phase gradient metasurfaces. Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 221110 (2014)
Y. Han, J. Zhang, Y. Li et al., Miniaturized-element offset-feed planar reflector antennas based on metasurfaces. IEEE Antennas. Wirel. Propag. Lett. 16, 282–285 (2017)
H.X. Xu, G.M. Wang, J.G. Liang et al., Compact circularly polarized antennas combining meta-surfaces and strong space-filling meta-resonators. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 61, 3442–3450 (2013)
X. Wan, X. Shen, Y. Luo et al., Planar bifunctional Luneburg-fisheye lens made of an anisotropic metasurface. Laser Photonics Rev. 8, 757–765 (2014)
Z. Li, I. Kim, L. Zhang et al., Dielectric meta-holograms enabled with dual magnetic resonances in visible light. ACS Nano 11, 9382–9389 (2017)
T.J. Cui, M.Q. Qi, X. Wan et al., Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials. Light Sci. Appl. 3, e218 (2014)
C.L. Holloway, E.F. Kuester, J.A. Gordon et al., An overview of the theory and applications of metasurfaces: the two-dimensional equivalents of metamaterials. IEEE Antennas Propag. M. 54, 10–35 (2012)
T.J. Cui, S. Liu, L.L. Li, Information entropy of coding metasurface. Light Sci. Appl. 5, e16172 (2016)
C. Huang, B. Sun, W. Pan et al., Dynamical beam manipulation based on 2-bit digitally-controlled coding metasurface. Sci. Rep. 7, 42302 (2017)
B. Xie, H. Cheng, K. Tang et al., Multiband asymmetric transmission of airborne sound by coded metasurfaces. Phys. Rev. Appl. 7, 024010 (2017)
T.J. Cui, S. Liu, L. Zhang, Information metamaterials and metasurfaces. J. Mater. Chem. C 5, 3644–3668 (2017)
S. Liu, T.J. Cui, Concepts, working principles, and applications of coding and programmable metamaterials. Adv. Opt. Mater. 5, 1700624 (2017)
Q. Zheng, Y. Li, J. Zhang et al., Wideband, wide-angle coding phase gradient metasurfaces based on Pancharatnam-Berry phase. Sci. Rep. 7, 43543 (2017)
X. Yan, L. Liang, J. Yang et al., Broadband, wide-angle, low-scattering terahertz wave by a flexible 2-bit coding metasurface. Opt. Express 23, 29128–29137 (2015)
Z. Shen, B. Jin, J. Zhao et al., Design of transparent coding metasurface and its application of beam forming. Appl. Phys. Lett. 109, 121103 (2016)
S. Liu, A. Noor, L.L. Du et al., Anomalous refraction and nondiffractivebessel-beam generation of terahertz waves through transparent coding metasurfaces. ACS Photonics 3, 1968–1977 (2016)
Y. Li, J. Zhang, S. Qu et al., Ultra-wideband, high-efficiency beam steering based on phase gradient metasurfaces. J. Electromagn. Wave 29, 2163–2170 (2015)
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 61501503, 61471388, and 61331005, and the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province under Grant No. 2017JM6005.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Feng, M., Li, Y., Wang, J. et al. Ultra-wideband and high-efficiency transparent coding metasurface. Appl. Phys. A 124, 630 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-018-2048-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-018-2048-9