Abstract
An effective control of the nanoscale periodic ripple structures on a single-crystal 4H-SiC surface is carried out by temporally delayed double collinear femtosecond laser pulse trains with different linear polarizations. The observed evolution of the ripple slant angle shows a dramatic decrease within an initial time delay range of ~10 ps between the two laser pulses, but keeps almost steady for larger time elapse. Through the detailed analyses, we propose a theoretical model to reveal the underlying physics: regarding the double femtosecond laser pulses, the first laser pulse transfers the semiconductor into nonequilibrium states associated with a transient refractive index grating on the surface, which subsequently tends to change the direction of the surface plasmon excitation of the second laser pulse. These behaviors can eventually result in the slantwise oriented laser intensity fringes and corresponding periodic ablation of grooves. Such investigations provide additional insights into the ripple formation processes, which is very important for control of nanomanufacturing materials by femtosecond lasers.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Birnbaum, J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3688 (1965)
Y. Tang, J. Yang, B. Zhao, M. Wang, X. Zhu, Opt. Express 20, 25826 (2012)
L. Qi, K. Nishii, Y. Namba, Opt. Lett. 34, 1846 (2009)
R. Wagner, J. Gottmann, A. Horn, E.W. Kreutz, Appl. Surf. Sci. 252, 8576 (2006)
R. Kuladeep, C. Sahoo, D.N. Rao, Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 222103 (2014)
A.Y. Vorobyev, C. Guo, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 041914 (2008)
T. Baldacchini, J.E. Carey, M. Zhou, E. Mazur, Langmuir 22, 4917 (2006)
A. Mizuno, T. Honda, J. Kiuchi, Y. Iwai, N. Yasumaru, K. Miyazaki, Tribol. Online 1, 44 (2006)
L. Xue, J. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Wang, X. Zhu, Appl. Phys. A 109, 357 (2012)
J. Bonse, M. Munz, H. Sturm, J. Appl. Phys. 97, 013538 (2005)
A.Y. Vorobyev, C. Guo, J. Appl. Phys. 104, 063523 (2008)
J.F. Young, J.S. Preston, H.M. van Driel, J.E. Sipe, Phys. Rev. B 27, 1155 (1983)
M. Huang, F. Zhao, Y. Cheng, N. Xu, Z. Xu, ACS Nano 3, 4062 (2009)
J. Bonse, A. Rosenfeld, J. Krüger, J. Appl. Phys. 106, 104910 (2009)
F. Garrelie, J.P. Colombier, F. Pigeon, S. Tonchev, N. Faure, M. Bounhalli, S. Reynaud, O. Parriaux, Opt. Express 19, 9035 (2011)
M. Huang, F. Zhao, Y. Cheng, N. Xu, Z. Xu, Phys. Rev. B 79, 125436 (2009)
J. Bonse, J. Krüger, J. Appl. Phys. 108, 034903 (2010)
Y. Yang, J. Yang, L. Xue, Y. Guo, Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 141101 (2010)
X. Li, W. Rong, L. Jiang, K. Zhang, C. Li, Q. Cao, G. Zhang, Y. Lu, Opt. Express 22, 30170 (2014)
M. Rohloff, S.K. Das, S. Höhm, R. Grunwald, A. Rosenfeld, J. Krüger, J. Bonse, J. Appl. Phys. 110, 014910 (2011)
M. Hashida, T. Nishii, Y. Miyasaka, H. Sakagami, M. Shimizu, S. Inoue, S. Sakabe, Appl. Phys. A 122, 484 (2016)
T. Jia, H. Chen, M. Huang, F. Zhao, J. Qiu, R. Li, Z. Xu, X. He, J. Zhang, H. Kuroda, Phys. Rev. B 72, 10 (2005)
J. Yao, C. Zhang, H. Liu, Q. Dai, L. Wu, S. Lan, A.V. Gopal, V.A. Trofimov, T.M. Lysak, Opt. Express 20, 905 (2012)
Y. Ma, V. Khuat, A. Pan, Opt. Laser. Eng. 82, 141 (2016)
T. Tomita, K. Kinoshita, S. Matsuo, S. Hashimoto, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 153115 (2007)
M. Yamaguchi, S. Ueno, R. Kumai, K. Kinoshita, T. Murai, T. Tomita, S. Matsuo, S. Hashimoto, Appl. Phys. A 99, 23 (2010)
J. Song, W. Tao, H. Song, M. Gong, G. Ma, Y. Dai, Q. Zhao, J. Qiu, Appl. Phys. A 122, 341 (2016)
B. Zhao, J. Yang, X. Zhu, X. Xu, F. Xie, Surface dynamics of warm dense copper metal captured in femtosecond laser-induced deflecting ripple structures. N. J. Phys. (2017) (in revision)
G. Obara, H. Shimizu, T. Enami, E. Mazur, M. Terakawa, M. Obara, Opt. Express 21, 26323 (2013)
J. Cong, J. Yang, B. Zhao, X. Xu, Opt. Express 23, 5357 (2015)
S.J. Elston, G.P. Bryan-Brown, J.R. Sambles, Phys. Rev. B 44, 6393 (1991)
S. Höhm, A. Rosenfeld, J. Krüger, J. Bonse, Appl. Surf. Sci. 278, 7 (2013)
T.J.-Y. Derrien, J. Krüger, T.E. Itina, S. Höhm, A. Rosenfeld, J. Bonse, Appl. Phys. A 117, 77 (2014)
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the financial support for this work provided by the Natural National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (11274184, 11674178), Tianjin National Natural Science Foundation (12JCZDJC20200) and Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of higher Education of China (20120031110032).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
He, W., Yang, J. Formation of slantwise orientated nanoscale ripple structures on a single-crystal 4H-SiC surface by time-delayed double femtosecond laser pulses. Appl. Phys. A 123, 518 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-017-1101-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-017-1101-4