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Crystallization kinetics and optical properties of titanium–lithium tetraborate glass containing europium oxide

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Abstract

The crystallization kinetics and optical properties of [60 Li2B4O7–30 TiO2–10 Eu2O3] (mol%) glass sample have been investigated. The present glass sample exhibits three crystallization exothermic peaks (T p1, T p2, and T p3) corresponding to the formation of LiBO2, Li2B4O7, and EuTiO3 phases, respectively. The presence of phase separation in the glass sample has been confirmed by scanning electron microscopic (SEM). The mean values of Avrami exponent (n = 3.1 and 4) around T p1 and T p2, indicate that the bulk crystallization with a constant number of nuclei and with an increasing number of nuclei, respectively. The values of the local activation energy as a function of the fraction of crystallization (0.1 ≤ χ ≤ 0.9) decrease for the crystallization of LiBO2 and EuTiO3 and increase for the crystallization of Li2B4O7. The values of n(χ) for T p3 and T p2 in the range (0.1 ≤ χ ≤ 0.9) and (0.1 ≤ χ ≤ 0.4), respectively, are larger than 4 indicate that the presence of anomalous in Avrami exponent. The trend of Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters (Ω2 > Ω4 > Ω6) and the bonding parameter (δ) indicate that the lower symmetry and the highest covalent nature of the bonding around Eu3+ ions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science (Girl’s Branch), Al Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt

    E. A. Mohamed

  2. Physics Department, Faculty of Girls, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt

    A. Ratep

  3. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt

    E. K. Abdel-Khalek & I. Kashif

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  1. E. A. Mohamed
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  3. E. K. Abdel-Khalek
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  4. I. Kashif
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Correspondence to I. Kashif.

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Mohamed, E.A., Ratep, A., Abdel-Khalek, E.K. et al. Crystallization kinetics and optical properties of titanium–lithium tetraborate glass containing europium oxide. Appl. Phys. A 123, 479 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-017-1090-3

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