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Preparation and characterization of porous bioceramic layers on pure titanium surfaces obtained by micro-arc oxidation process

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Abstract

Fluorapatite (FA) has better chemical and thermal stability than hydroxyapatite (HA), and has thus attracted significant interest for biomaterial applications in recent years. In this study, porous bioceramic layers were prepared on pure titanium surfaces using a micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique with an applied voltage of 450 V and an oxidation time of 5 min. The MAO process was performed using three different electrolyte solutions containing calcium fluoride (CaF2), calcium acetate monohydrate (Ca(CH3COO)2·H2O), and sodium phosphate monobasic dihydrate (NaH2PO4·2H2O) mixed in ratios of 0:2:1, 1:1:1, and 2:0:1, respectively. The surface morphology, composition, micro-hardness, porosity, and biological properties of the various MAO coatings were examined and compared. The results showed that as the CaF2/Ca(CH3COO)2·H2O ratio increased, the elemental composition of the MAO coating transformed from HA, A-TiO2 (Anatase) and R-TiO2 (Rutile); to A-TiO2, R-TiO2, and a small amount of HA; and finally A-TiO2, R-TiO2, CaF2, TiP2O5, and FA. The change in elemental composition was accompanied by a higher micro-hardness and a lower porosity. The coatings exhibited a similar in vitro bioactivity performance during immersion in simulated body fluid for 7–28 days. Furthermore, for in initial in vitro biocompatibility tests performed for 24 h using Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplement containing 10%Fetal bovine serum, the attachment and spreading of osteoblast-like osteosarcoma MG63 cells were found to increase slightly with an increasing CaF2/Ca(CH3COO)2·H2O ratio. In general, the results presented in this study show that all three MAO coatings possess a certain degree of in vitro bioactivity and biocompatibility.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided to this study by the Chi Mei Foundation Hospital, Republic of China (Taiwan), under Contract No. 110990223, and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China (Taiwan) under Contract No. MOST 103-2221-E-218-006.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedics, Chimei Foundation Hospital, Tainan, 710, Taiwan, ROC

    Chi-Sheng Chien

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, 710, Taiwan, ROC

    Chi-Sheng Chien

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, 710, Taiwan, ROC

    Yu-Chien Hung, Chung-Chun Wu, Tsung-Yuan Kuo & Cheng-Hsin Chuang

  4. Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan, ROC

    Ting-Fu Hong

  5. School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC

    Tzer-Min Lee

  6. Quintain steel Company, Tainan, 721, Taiwan, ROC

    Tze-Yuan Liao

  7. Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 84001, Taiwan, ROC

    Huan-Chang Lin

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  1. Chi-Sheng Chien
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Correspondence to Tsung-Yuan Kuo.

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Chien, CS., Hung, YC., Hong, TF. et al. Preparation and characterization of porous bioceramic layers on pure titanium surfaces obtained by micro-arc oxidation process. Appl. Phys. A 123, 204 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-017-0765-0

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