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Photoacoustic monitoring of water transport process in calcareous stone coated with biopolymers

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Abstract

Moisture is a critical control of chemical and physical processes leading to stone deterioration. These processes can be enhanced by microbial biofilms and associated exopolymers (EPS). There is limited current understanding of the water transport process across rocks covered by EPS. In the present work, we employed the photoacoustic technique to study the influence of three biopolymers (xanthan, microbactan and arabic gum) in the water transport process of two types of limestone rock of similar mineralogy but contrasting porosity. Both controls of RL (low porosity) and RP (high porosity) presented the higher values of water diffusion coefficient (D) than biopolymer-coated samples, indicating that biopolymer layers slowed down the transport of water. This trend was steeper for RP samples as water was transported seven times faster than in the more porous rock. Important differences of D values were observed among samples coated by different biopolymers. Scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy showed that surface topography was different between both types of rocks; adherence of coatings was seen predominantly in the less porous rocks samples. FTIR and NMR analysis showed the presence of pyruvate and acetate in microbactan and xanthan gum, suggesting their participation on adherence to the calcareous surfaces, sealing surface pores. These results indicate that water transport at rock interfaces is dependent on the chemistry of biopolymer and surface porosity. The implications for reduced water transport in stone conservation under the influence of biopolymers include both enhanced and lower deterioration rates along with altered efficiency of biocide treatment of epilithic biofilms.

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Acknowledgements

The authors want to express their acknowledgment to J. Bante-Guerra for his help in the cell and electronics construction, D. Aguilar-Treviño for his help in the X-ray analysis, Ana R. Cristobal-Ramos and W. Cauich for their invaluable help in obtaining SEM and optical images, respectively. J. May-Crespo was funded by a postdoctoral fellowship of the program “Estancias postdoctorales vinculadas al fortalecimiento de la calidad del posgrado nacional 2012 PNPC-CONACYT” granted to B. O. Ortega-Morales. This study was supported by CONACYT 49275-F (24214), 188345, 204822, LAB-2009-01-123913, FOMIX-Yucatán No. 108160 and 108528 projects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CONACYT Research Fellow-Center for Engineering and Industrial Development (CIDESI), Av. Playa Pie de la Cuesta 702. Desarrollo San Pablo, C.P. 76130, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico

    J. May-Crespo

  2. Departamento de Microbiología Ambiental y Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Agustín Melgar s/n, Col. Buenavista, C.P. 24030, Campeche, Campeche, Mexico

    B. O. Ortega-Morales, J. C. Camacho-Chab, M. Reyes-Estebanez & M. J. Chan-Bacab

  3. Departamento de Física Aplicada, Cinvestav-Unidad Mérida, Carretera Antigua a Progreso, Km. 6, C.P. 97310, Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico

    P. Quintana & J. J. Alvarado-Gil

  4. Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico

    G. Gonzalez-García

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  1. J. May-Crespo
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  2. B. O. Ortega-Morales
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  3. J. C. Camacho-Chab
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  4. P. Quintana
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  5. J. J. Alvarado-Gil
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  6. G. Gonzalez-García
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  7. M. Reyes-Estebanez
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  8. M. J. Chan-Bacab
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Correspondence to J. May-Crespo or B. O. Ortega-Morales.

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May-Crespo, J., Ortega-Morales, B.O., Camacho-Chab, J.C. et al. Photoacoustic monitoring of water transport process in calcareous stone coated with biopolymers. Appl. Phys. A 122, 1060 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-0594-6

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