Abstract
In this paper, a polarization-insensitive triple-band metamaterial absorber is proposed for wide angle of incidence. The proposed absorber has been designed in such a way that absorptions occur in S, C and X bands at 3.1, 4.6 and 9.5 GHz, respectively. The unit cell consists of two modified square-shaped closed-loop resonators printed on top of a dielectric substrate and backed by a complete copper lamination. The proposed structure is ultra-thin having a total thickness of 1.6 mm, approximately \(\lambda _{0}/61\), \(\lambda _{0}/41\) and \(\lambda _{0}/20\) with respect to absorption frequencies in various bands, where \(\lambda _{0}\) is the free space wavelength. Moreover, the structure shows good absorptions over wide angle of incidence up to 45° for both TE- and TM-polarized waves. Surface current and electric field distributions have been studied to analyse the absorption mechanism of the proposed absorber. Parametric analyses have also been carried out for suitable selection of absorption frequencies. Finally, a prototype of the absorber has been fabricated and experimentally tested in order to validate the simulation results which are in good agreement.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C. Caloz, T. Itoh, Electromagnetic Metamaterials: Transmission Line Approach and Microwave Applications (IEEE-Wiley Press, New York, 2005)
D.R. Smith, W.J. Padilla, D.C. Vier, S.C. Nemat-Nasser, S. Schultz, Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(18), 41844187 (2000)
R. Marques, F. Martin, M. Sorolla, Metamaterials with Negative Parameters: Theory, Design and Microwave Applications (Wiley, Hoboken, 2008)
S.A. Cummer, B.I. Popa, D. Schurig, D.R. Smith, J.B. Pendry, Full wave simulations of electromagnetic cloaking structures. Phys. Rev. E 74, 036621 (2006)
S.K. Sharma, A. Gupta, R.K. Chaudhary, Epsilon negative CPW-fed zeroth-order resonating antenna with backed ground plane for bandwidth enhancement and miniaturization. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 63(11), 5197–5203 (2015)
N. Fang, H. Lee, C. Sun, X. Zhang, Sub-diffraction-limited optical imaging with a silver superlens. Science 308(5721), 534537 (2005)
X. Liu, T. Tyler, T. Starr, A.F. Starr, N.M. Jokrest, W.J. Padilla, Taming the blackbody with infrared metamaterials as selective thermal emitters. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 045901 (2011)
S. Ghosh, S. Bhattacharya, Y. Kaiprath, K.V. Srivastava, Bandwidth-enhanced polarization insensitive microwave metamaterial absorber and its equivalent circuit model. J. Appl. Phys. 115, 104503 (2014)
L. Yao, M. Li, X. Zhai, H. Wang, J. Dong, On the miniaturization of polarization insensitive wide angle metamaterial absorber. Appl. Phys. A 122, 61 (2016)
N. Zhang, P. Zhou, D. Cheng, X. Weng, J. Xie, L. Deng, Dual-band absorption of mid-infrared metamaterial absorber based on distinct dielectric spacing layers. Opt. Lett. 38(7), 1125–1127 (2013)
T. Cao, C.W. Wei, R.E. Simpson, L. Zhang, M.J. Cryan, Fast tuning of double fano resonance using a phase-change metamaterial under low power intensity. Sci. Rep. 4(4463), 19 (2014)
N.I. Landy, S. Sajuyigbe, J.J. Mock, D.R. Smith, W.J. Padilla, Perfect metamaterial absorber. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 207402 (2008)
S. Bhattacharya, S. Ghosh, K.V. Srivastava, Bandwidth enhanced metamaterial absorber using electric field driven LC Resonator for airborne radar applications. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 55(9), 21312137 (2013)
B. Wang, S. Liu, B. Bian, Z. Mao, X. Liu, B. Ma, L. Chen, A novel ultrathin and broadband microwave metamaterial absorber. J. Appl. Phys. 116, 094504 (2014)
Y. Fan, Z. Wei, Z. Zhang, H. Li, Enhancing infrared extinction and absorption in a monolayer graphene sheet by harvesting the electric dipolar mode of split ring resonators. Opt. Lett. 38(24), 5410–5413 (2013)
S. Ghosh, S. Bhattacharya, K.V. Srivastava, Bandwidthenhancement of an ultra-thin polarization insensitive metamaterial absorber. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 56(2), 350355 (2014)
Y. Cheng, H. Yang, Z. Cheng, N. Wu, Perfect metamaterial absorber based on a split-ring-cross resonator. Appl. Phys. A 102(1), 99–103 (2011)
Y.J. Yoo, Y.J. Kim, P.V. Tuong, J.V. Rhee, K.W. Kim, W.H. Jang, Y.H. Kim, H. Cheong, Y.P. Lee, Polarization-independent dual-band perfect absorber utilizing multiple magnetic resonances. Opt. Express 21(26), 32484–32490 (2013)
Y. Zhao, Q. Hao, Y. Ma, M. Lu, B. Zhang, M. Lapsley, I.-C. Khoo, T.J. Huang, Light-driven tunable dual-band plasmonic absorber using liquid-crystal-coated asymmetric nanodisk array. Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 053119 (2012)
X. Huang, H. Yang, S. Yu, J. Wang, M. Li, Triple-band polarization-insensitive wide-angle ultra-thin planar spiral metamaterial absorber. J. Appl. Phys. 113, 213516 (2013)
D. Chaurasiya, S. Ghosh, S. Bhattacharya, K.V. Srivastava, An ultrathin quad-band polarization-insensitive wide Angle metamaterial absorber. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 57(3), 697–702 (2015)
B. Zhu, Z. Wang, C. Huang, Y. Feng, J. Zhao, T. Jiang, Polarization insensitive metamaterial absorber with wide incident angle. Prog. Electromagn. Res. 101, 231–239 (2010)
B. Zhu, Z.B. Wang, Z.Z. Yu, Q. Zhang, J.M. Zhao, Y.J. Feng, T. Jiang, Chin. Phys. Lett. 26, 1141021 (2009)
A. Kazemzadeh, A. Karlsson, Multilayered wideband absorbers for oblique angle of incidence. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 58(11), 3637–3646 (2010)
P. Munaga, S. Ghosh, S. Bhattacharya, K.V. Srivastava, A fractal-based compact broadband polarization insensitive metamaterial absorber using lumped resistors. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 58(2), 343–347 (2016)
X. Zhang, Y. Fan, L. Qi, H. Li, Broadband plasmonic metamaterial absorber with fish-scale structure at visible frequencies. Opt. Mater. Express 6(7), 2448–2457 (2016)
F. Zhang, S. Feng, K. Qiu, Z. Liu, Y. Fan, W. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Zhou, Mechanically stretchable and tunable metamaterial absorber. Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 091907 (2015)
Y. Fan, N.-H. Shen, T. Koschny, C.M. Soukoulis, Tunable terahertz meta-surface with graphene cut-wires. ACS Photonics 2, 151–156 (2015)
S. Ghosh, K.V. Srivastava, Polarization-insensitive single- and broadband switchable absorber/reflector and its realization using a novel biasing technique. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 64(8), 3665–3670 (2016)
J.A. Bossard, L. Lin, S. Yun, L. Liu, D.H. Werner, T.S. Meyer, Near-ideal optical metamaterial absorbers with super-octave bandwidth. ACS Nano 8(2), 1517–1524 (2014)
H. Zhai, Z. Li, L. Li, C. Liang, A dual-band wide-angle polarization-insensitive ultrathin gigahertz metamaterial absorber. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 55(7), 1606–1609 (2013)
S. Bhattacharya, S. Ghosh, D. Chaurasiya, K.V. Srivastava, Bandwidth-enhanced dual-band dual-layer polarization-independent ultra-thin metamaterial absorber. Appl. Phys. A 118, 207–215 (2015)
B. Ma, S. Liu, B. Bian, X. Kong, H. Zhang, Z. Mao, B. Wang, Novel three-band microwave metamaterial absorber. J. Electromagn. Wave Appl. 28(12), 1478–1486 (2014)
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the staff members of PCB fabrication Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, for fabricating the structure. This project is partially funded by Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), India, under Project No. SPO/STC/EE/2014087.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sharma, S.K., Ghosh, S. & Srivastava, K.V. An ultra-thin triple-band polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber for S, C and X band applications. Appl. Phys. A 122, 1071 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-0588-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-0588-4