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Crystallization kinetics and phase transformations in aluminum ion-implanted electrospun TiO2 nanofibers

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Abstract

Electrospun TiO2 nanofibers were implanted with aluminum ions, and their crystallization kinetics, phase transformations, and activation energies were investigated from 25 to 900 °C by in situ high-temperature synchrotron radiation diffraction. The amorphous non-implanted and Al ion-implanted TiO2 nanofibers transformed to crystalline anatase at 600 °C and to rutile at 700 °C. The TiO2 phase transformation of the Al ion-implanted material was accelerated relative to non-implanted sample. Compared with non-implanted nanofibers, the Al-implanted materials yielded a decreased activation energies from 69(17) to 29(2) kJ/mol for amorphous-to-anatase transformation and from 112(15) to 129(5) kJ/mol for anatase-to-rutile transformation. A substitution of smaller Al ions for Ti in the TiO2 crystal structure results in accelerated titania phase transformation and a concomitant reduction in the activation energies.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge financial support from the Australian Synchrotron (Powder Diffraction Beamline) (AS122/PDFI/5075) and the Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (ALNGRA11135). The authors would like to thank E/Prof. B. O’Connor for critical discussions on the data analysis; Dr. Y. Dong for use of the electrospinning machine; Ms. E. Miller for assistance with SEM imaging; Dr. X. Wang for assistance with TEM; Dr. J. Kimpton at the Australian Synchrotron for advice on the use of instrumentation at powder diffraction beamline; and Dr. M. Ionescu of the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization for helpful assistance with ion implantation, SRIM simulation, and the analysis of RBS results.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Basic Sciences, College of Education, University of Dammam, P. O. Box 2375, Dammam, 31451, Saudi Arabia

    H. Albetran

  2. Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia

    H. Albetran & I. M. Low

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  1. H. Albetran
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  2. I. M. Low
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Correspondence to I. M. Low.

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Albetran, H., Low, I.M. Crystallization kinetics and phase transformations in aluminum ion-implanted electrospun TiO2 nanofibers. Appl. Phys. A 122, 1044 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-0568-8

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