Abstract
The photocatalytic activity of bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3: BFO) nanostructures on the degradation of methyl violet 2B (MV) is demonstrated for the first time under sunlight irradiation with the efficiency of 97.6 %. The photocatalytic BFO nanostructures have been successfully synthesized through hydrothermal method. Initial characterization of BFO nanostructures such as structural, functional, morphological, optical, and magnetic properties has been performed. From the X-ray diffraction analysis, the synthesized nanostructures are found to have rhombohedral structure with R3c space group confirmed by Rietveld analysis. The formation of perovskite structure is confirmed through FTIR analysis. Nanostructures were found to have rod-like morphology with the length between 15 and 20 nm and diameter of about 2–3 nm measured through HR-TEM. The surface area and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms have been preformed through BET analysis. The optical band gap investigation shows that the E g value of BFO is about 2.1 eV. The magnetization measurements revealed a weak ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature, and the same has been confirmed through ABK plot. The photocatalytic activity of BFO is tested on the degradation of harmful MV dye under the irradiation of direct sunlight, influences of oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide. The photodecomposition kinetics of MV has been described through Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. The stability and recyclability of catalyst have also been studied.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
X.B. Chen, S.S. Mao, Chem. Rev. 107, 2891 (2007)
H.J. Zhang, G.H. Chen, D.W. Bahnemann, J. Mater. Chem. 19, 5089 (2009)
J. Wang, J.B. Neaton, H. Zheng, V. Nagarajan, S.B. Ogale, B. Liu, D. Viehland, V. Vaithyanathan, D.G. Schlom, U.V. Waghmare, N.A. Spaldin, K.M. Rabe, M. Wuttig, R. Ramesh, Science 299, 1719 (2003)
R. Palai, R.S. Katiyar, H. Schmid, P. Tissot, S.J. Clark, J. Robertson, S.A.T. Redfern, G. Catalan, J.F. Scott, Phys. Rev. B 77, 014110 (2008)
X.Y. Chen, T. Yu, F. Gao, H.T. Zhang, L.F. Liu, Y.M. Wang, Z.S. Li, Z.G. Zou, J.M. Liu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 022114 (2007)
X. Li, J. Yu, J. Low, Y. Fang, J. Xiao, X. Chen, J. Mater. Chem. A. 3, 2485 (2015)
I. Papadas, J.A. Christodoulides, G. Kioseoglou, G.S. Armatas, J. Mater. Chem. A. 3, 1587 (2015)
A. Kudo, Y. Miseki, Chem. Soc. Rev. 38, 253 (2009)
X. Chen, S. Shen, L. Guo, S.S. Mao, Chem. Rev. 110, 6503 (2010)
S. Li, Y.-H. Lin, B.-P. Zhang, Y. Wang, C.-W. Nan, J. Phys. Chem. C 114, 2903 (2010)
F. Gao, X. Chen, K. Yin, S. Dong, Z. Ren, F. Yuan, T. Yu, Z. Zou, J.-M. Liu, Adv. Mater. 19, 2889 (2007)
W. Wang, N. Li, Y. Chi, Y. Li, W. Yan, X. Li, C. Shao, Ceram. Int. 39, 3511 (2013)
S. Mohan, B. Subramanian, G. Sarveswaran, J. Mater. Chem. C. 2, 6835 (2014)
Z. Liu, Y. Qi, L. Chaojing, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 21, 380 (2010)
S. Li, M. Jianming Zhang, G. Kibria, Z. Mi, M. Chaker, D. Ma, R. Nechache, F. Rosei, Chem. Commun. 49, 5856 (2013)
X. Wang, W. Mao, J. Zhang, Y. Han, C. Quan, Q. Zhang, T. Yang, J. Yang, X.A. Li, W. Huang, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 448, 17 (2015)
T.J. Park, G.C. Papaefthymiou, A.J. Viescas, A.R. Moodenbaugh, S.S. Wong, Nano Lett. 7, 766 (2007)
Q. Jiang, C. Nan, Y. Wang, Y. Liu, J. Electroceram. 21, 690 (2008)
D. Maurya, H. Thota, K.S. Nalwa, A. Garg, J. Alloys Compd. 477, 780 (2009)
T. Soltani, M.H. Entezari, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 377, 197 (2013)
I. Sires, E. Guivarch, N. Oturan, M.A. Oturan, Chemosphere 72, 592 (2008)
A. Mittal, V. Gajbe, J. Mittal, J. Hazard. Mater. 150, 364 (2008)
C.T. Munoz, J.P. Rivera, A. Monnier, H. Schmid, J. Appl. Phys. Suppl. 24, 1051 (1985)
J.S. Lee, R.J. De Angelis, Nanostruct. Mater. 7, 805 (1996)
Z. Chen, C. Huang, Y. Qi, P. Yang, L. You, C. Hu, T. Wu, J. Wang, C. Gao, T. Sritharan, L. Chen, Adv. Funct. Mater. 21, 133 (2011)
A.Z. Simoes, B.D. Stojanovic, M.A. Ramirez, A.A. Cavalheiro, E. Longo, J.A. Varela, Ceram. Int. 34, 257 (2008)
Z.V. Gabbasova, M.D. Kuz’min, A.K. Zvezdin, I.S. Dubenko, V.A. Murashov, D.N. Rakov, I.B. Krynetsky, Phys. Lett. A 158, 491 (1991)
A.V. Zalesskii, A.A. Frolov, T.A. Khimich, A.A. Bush, Phys. Solid State 45, 134 (2003)
A. Mukherjee, S.M. Hossain, M. Pal, S. Basu, Appl. Nanosci. 2, 305 (2012)
S. Ghosh, S. Dasgupta, A. Sen, H.S. Maiti, Mater. Res. Bull. 40, 2073 (2005)
J. Lingling, Z. Chen, L. Fang, W. Dong, F. Zheng, M. Shen, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 94, 3418 (2011)
D. Lee, M.G. Kim, S. Ryu, H.M. Jang, S.G. Lee, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 222903 (2005)
J.F. Li, J.L. Wang, M. Wutiig, R. Ramesh, N.G. Wang, B. Ruette, A.P. Pyatakov, A.K. Zvezdin, D. Viehland, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 5261 (2004)
G.V. Subba Rao, C.N.R. Rao, J.R. Ferraro, Appl. Spectrosc. 24, 436 (1970)
A. Fidalgo, L.M. Ilharco, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 283, 144 (2001)
H. Wang, J.J. Zhu, J.M. Zhu, X.H. Liao, S. Xu, T. Ding, H.Y. Chen, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 4, 3794 (2002)
S. Li, Y.-H. Lin, B.-P. Zhang, Y. Wang, C.-W. Nan, J. Phys. Chem. C 114, 2903 (2010)
G. Catalan, J.F. Scott, Adv. Mater. 21, 2463 (2009)
J. Liu, Y. Lu, J. Liu, X. Yang, X. Yu, J. Alloys Compd. 496, 261 (2010)
M. Oshikiri, M. Boero, J.H. Ye, J. Chem. Phys. 117, 7313 (2002)
J.W. Tang, Z.G. Zou, J.H. Ye, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43, 4463 (2004)
H.G. Kim, D.W. Hwang, J.S. Lee, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 8912 (2004)
H.B. Fu, C.S. Pan, W.Q. Yao, Y.F. Zhu, J. Phys. Chem. B. 109, 22432 (2005)
Y. Ma, J.-N. Yao, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem. 116, 167 (1998)
J.-M. Wu, T.-W. Zhang, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem. 162, 171 (2004)
T. Watanabe, T. Takizawa, K. Honda, J. Phys. Chem. 81, 1845 (1977)
P. Qu, J. Zhao, T. Shen, H. Hidaka, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 129, 257 (1998)
S. Bingham, W.A. Daoud, J. Mater. Chem. 21, 2041 (2011)
R.J. Tayade, T.S. Natarajan, H.C. Bajaj, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 48, 10262 (2009)
C.S. Turchi, D.F. Ollis, J. Catal. 122, 178 (1990)
D.H. Tseng, L.C. Juang, H.H. Huang, Int. J. Photoenergy 1, 328526(1) (2012)
N. Daneshvar, D. Salari, A.R. Khataee, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem. 157, 111 (2003)
D.D. Dionysiou, M.T. Suidan, I. Baudin, J.M. Laine, Appl. Catal. B 50, 259 (2004)
S. Malato, J. Blanco, C. Richter, B. Braun, M.I. Maldonado, Appl. Catal. B Environ. 17, 347 (1998)
Y. Wang, C.S. Hong, F. Fang, Environ. Eng. Sci. 16, 433 (1999)
W. Luo, L. Zhu, N. Wang, H. Tang, M. Cao, Y. She, Environ. Sci. Technol. 44, 1786 (2010)
R. Guo, L. Fang, W. Dong, F. Zheng, M. Shen, J. Mater. Chem. 21, 18645 (2011)
Z.F. Bian, Y.N. Huo, Y. Zhang, J. Zhu, Y.F. Lu, H.X. Li, Appl. Catal. B 91, 247 (2009)
D.A. Chang, P. Lin, T.Y. Tseng, J. Appl. Phys. 77, 4445 (1995)
Y.N. Huo, Y. Jin, Y. Zhang, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 331, 15 (2010)
Y. Galagan, W.F. Su, J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 195, 378 (2008)
S.K. Kansal, M. Singh, D. Sud, J. Hazard. Mater. 141, 581 (2007)
Z.F. Bian, Y.N. Huo, Y. Zhang, J. Zhu, Y.F. Lu, H.X. Li, Appl. Catal. B Environ. 91, 247 (2009)
D. Severino, H.C. Junquera, M. Guglliotti, D.S. Gabrielli, M.S. Baptista, J. Photochem. Photobiol. 77, 459 (2003)
A. Mills, R.H. Davis, D. Worsley, Chem. Soc. Rev. 22, 417 (1993)
J.-M. Herrmann, Catal. Today 53, 115 (1999)
R. Mazumder, P. Sujatha Devi, P. Dipten Bhattacharya, A.Sen Choudhury, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 062510 (2007)
W. Jiangtao, S. Mao, Z.-G. Ye, Z. Xiea, L. Zhenga, J. Mater. Chem. 20, 6512 (2010)
D. Lebeugle, D. Colson, A. Forget, M. Viret, A.M. Bataille, A. Gukasov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 227602 (2008)
J. Schneider, A. Handstein, K. Zaveta, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 43, 73 (1984)
T.K. Nath, N. Sudhakar, E.J. McNiff, A.K. Majumdar, Phys. Rev. B 55, 12389 (1997)
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge DST, Government of India, for VSM under FIST (SR/FST/PSI-117/2007) program sanctioned to Physics Department, NIT, Tiruchirappalli.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dhanalakshmi, R., Muneeswaran, M., Vanga, P.R. et al. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of hydrothermally grown BiFeO3 nanostructures and role of catalyst recyclability in photocatalysis based on magnetic framework. Appl. Phys. A 122, 13 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-015-9527-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-015-9527-z