Abstract
In this work, metal oxide (MnO2, SnO2 and Co3O4)–graphene composite materials were successfully prepared via different synthesis methods. Uniform metal oxide nanoparticles were well dispersed on graphene sheets, and transmission electron microscopy characterizations showed that the average sizes of MnO2, SnO2, and Co3O4 particles were about 60, 5, and 10 nm, respectively. Reflection losses of graphene composites and pure graphene were systematically evaluated between 2 and 18 GHz, which revealed that all composites exhibited enhanced microwave absorption properties compared to pure graphene. The minimum reflection losses of MnO2-graphene, SnO2–graphene, and Co3O4–graphene composites with a thickness of 2.0 mm were −20.9, −15.28, and −7.3 dB at the frequency of 14.8, 15.94, and 9.6 GHz, respectively, whereas −4.5 dB for pure graphene. The enhanced absorption ability probably originated from the combined advantage of metal oxide particles and graphene, which proved beneficial to improve the impedance matching of permittivity and permeability. Besides, the intrinsic characteristics of MnO2, SnO2, and Co3O4 nanoparticles, the interface between nanostructured metal oxides and graphene sheets, and the multi-dielectric relaxation processes are all influence factors to improve the properties of microwave absorption.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A.K. Geim, K.S. Novoselov, The rise of graphene. Nat. Mater. 6, 183–191 (2007)
V. Georgakilas, M. Otyepka, A.B. Bourlinos, V. Chandra, N. Kim, K.C. Kemp, P. Hobza, R. Zboril, K.S. Kim, Functionalization of graphene: covalent and non-covalent approaches, derivatives and applications. Chem. Rev. 112, 6156–6214 (2012)
T. Kuila, S. Bose, A.K. Mishra, P. Khanra, N.H. Kim, J.H. Lee, Chemical functionalization of graphene and its applications. Prog. Mater Sci. 57, 1061–1105 (2012)
Q. Tang, Z. Zhou, Z. Chen, Graphene-related nanomaterials: tuning properties by functionalization. Nanoscale 5, 4541–4583 (2013)
X. Huang, Z. Yin, S. Wu, X. Qi, Q. He, Q. Zhang, Q. Yan, F. Boey, H. Zhang, Graphene-based materials: synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications. Small 7, 18762–18902 (2011)
D.S. Hecht, L. Hu, G. Irvin, Emerging transparent electrodes based on thin films of carbon nanotubes, graphene, and metallic nanostructures. Adv. Mater. 23, 1482–1513 (2011)
V. Singh, D. Joung, L. Zhai, S. Das, S.I. Khondaker, S. Seal, Graphene based materials: past, present and future progress in materials. Science 56, 1178–1271 (2011)
T. Kim, H. Kim, S.W. Kwon, Y. Kim, W.K. Park, D.H. Yoon, A.R. Jang, H.S. Shin, K.S. Suh, W.S. Yang, Large-scale graphene micropatterns via self-assembly-mediated process for flexible device application. Nano Lett. 12, 743–748 (2012)
S. Chen, J. Zhu, X. Wu, Q. Han, X. Wang, Graphene oxide–MnO2 nanocomposites for supercapacitors. ACS Nano 4, 2822–2830 (2010)
Y. Sun, Q. Wu, G. Shi, Graphene based new energy materials. Energy Environ. Sci. 4, 1113–1132 (2011)
Z. Chen, D. Yu, W. Xiong, P. Liu, Y. Liu, L. Dai, Graphene-based nanowire supercapacitors. Langmuir 30, 3567–3571 (2014)
P.V. Kamat, Graphene-based nanoassemblies for energy conversion. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2, 242–251 (2011)
Y.H. Hu, H. Wang, B. Hu, Thinnest two-dimensional nanomaterial—graphene for solar energy. ChemSusChem. 3, 782–796 (2010)
P.V. Kamat, Meeting the clean energy demand: nanostructure architectures for solar energy conversion. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 111, 2834–2860 (2007)
J. Du, S. Pei, L. Ma, H.-M. Cheng, 25th Anniversary article: carbon nanotube- and graphene-based transparent conductive films for optoelectronic devices. Adv. Mater. 26, 1958–1991 (2014)
I.V. Lightcap, P.V. Kamat, Graphitic design: prospects of graphene-based nanocomposites for solar energy conversion, storage, and sensing. Acc. Chem. Res. 46, 2235–2243 (2012)
S. Chandrasekaran, S. Ramanathan, T. Basak, Microwave material processing—a review. AIChE J. 58, 330–363 (2012)
M. Ding, Y. Tang, A. Star, Understanding interfaces in metal-graphitic hybrid nanostructures. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4, 147–160 (2012)
G.-S. Wang, Y. Wu, Y.-Z. Wei, X.-J. Zhang, Y. Li, L.-D. Li, B. Wen, P.-G. Yin, L. Guo, M.-S. Cao, Fabrication of reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/Co3O4 nanohybrid particles and a RGO/Co3O4/Poly(vinylidene fluoride) composite with enhanced wave-absorption properties. ChemPlusChem 79, 375–381 (2014)
K. Singh, A. Ohlan, V.H. Pham, R. Balasubramanian, S. Varshney, J. Jang, S.H. Hur, W.M. Choi, M. Kumar, S.K. Dhawan, B.S. Kong, J.S. Chung, Nanostructured graphene/Fe3O4 incorporated polyaniline as a high performance shield against electromagnetic pollution. Nanoscale 5, 2411–2420 (2013)
Y. Ren, C. Zhu, S. Zhang, C. Li, Y. Chen, P. Gao, P. Yang, Q. Ouyang, Three-dimensional SiO2@Fe3O4 core/shell nanorod array/graphene architecture: synthesis and electromagnetic absorption properties. Nanoscale 5, 12296–12303 (2013)
T. Chen, F. Deng, J. Zhu, C. Chen, G. Sun, S. Ma, X. Yang, Hexagonal and cubic Ni nanocrystals grown on graphene: phase-controlled synthesis, characterization and their enhanced microwave absorption properties. J. Mater. Chem. 22, 15190–15197 (2012)
R. Han, X.-H. Han, L. Qiao, T. Wang, F.-S. Li, Enhanced microwave absorption of ZnO-coated planar anisotropy carbonyl-iron particles in quasimicrowave frequency band. Mater. Chem. Phys. 128, 317–322 (2011)
C. Qiang, J. Xu, Z. Zhang, L. Tian, S. Xiao, Y. Liu, P. Xu, Magnetic properties and microwave absorption properties of carbon fibers coated by Fe3O4 nanoparticles. J. Alloy. Compd. 506, 93–97 (2010)
C. Wang, X. Han, P. Xu, X. Zhang, Y. Du, S. Hu, J. Wang, X. Wang, The electromagnetic property of chemically reduced graphene oxide and its application as microwave absorbing material. Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 072906 (2011)
M. Fu, Q. Jiao, Y. Zhao, Preparation of NiFe2O4 nanorod—graphene composites via an ionic liquid assisted one-step hydrothermal approach and their microwave absorbing properties. J. Mater. Chem. A 1, 5577–5586 (2013)
M. Fu, Q. Jiao, Y. Zhao, H. Li, Vapor diffusion synthesis of CoFe2O4 hollow sphere/graphene composites as absorbing materials. J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 735–744 (2014)
C. Hu, Z. Mou, G. Lu, N. Chen, Z. Dong, M. Hu, L. Qu, 3D graphene–Fe3O4 nanocomposites with high-performance microwave absorption. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15, 13038–13043 (2013)
Q.Q. Zhu, J.H. Yu, X.X. Wang, L.L. Xu, L. Cao, L.F. Dong, Synthesis and photoelectrical properties of graphene-CuxO nanostructures. Adv. Mater. Res. 704, 229–234 (2013)
X.X. Wang, J.H. Yu, H.Z. Dong, F.J. Jiang, Q.Q. Zhu, L.L. Xu, L.F. Dong, Comparative study on electrical properties of three different types of graphene-based thin films. ECS Trans. 53, 1–9 (2013)
L. Yu, Y.X. Yan, Q. Liu, J. Wang, B. Yang, B. Wang, X.Y. Jing, L.H. Liu, Exfoliation at room temperature for improving electrochemical performance for supercapacitors of layered MnO2. J. Electrochem. Soc. 161, E1–E5 (2014)
X. Wang, Y. Li, Rational synthetic strategy. From layered structure to MnO2 nanotubes. Chem. Lett. 33, 48–49 (2004)
S. Komaba, N. Kumagai, S. Chiba, Synthesis of layered MnO2 by calcination of KMnO4 for rechargeable lithium battery cathode. Electrochim. Acta 46, 31–37 (2000)
A.N. Yusoff, M.H. Abdullah, S.H. Ahmad, S.F. Jusoh, A.A. Mansor, S.A.A. Hamid, Electromagnetic and absorption properties of some microwave absorbers. J. Appl. Phys. 92, 876–882 (2002)
Y. Naito, K. Suetake, Application of ferrite to electromagnetic wave absorber and its characteristics. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech 19, 65–72 (1971)
S.S. Kim, S.B. Jo, K.I. Gueon, K.K. Choi, J.M. Kim, K.S. Churn, Complex permeability and permittivity and microwave absorption of ferrite-rubber composite at X-band frequencies. IEEE Trans. Magn. 27, 5462–5464 (1991)
R.C. Che, L.M. Peng, X.F. Duan, Q. Chen, X.L. Liang, Microwave absorption enhancement and complex permittivity and permeability of Fe encapsulated within carbon nanotubes. Adv. Mater. 16, 401–405 (2004)
D. Chen, H. Quan, G.-S. Wang, L. Guo, Hollow α-MnS spheres and their hybrids with reduced graphene oxide: synthesis, microwave absorption, and lithium storage properties. ChemPlusChem 78, 843–851 (2013)
J. Frenkel, J. Dorfman, Spontaneous and induced magnetisation in ferromagnetic bodies. Nature 126, 274–275 (1930)
X.-L. Shi, M.-S. Cao, J. Yuan, X.-Y. Fang, Dual nonlinear dielectric resonance and nesting microwave absorption peaks of hollow cobalt nanochains composites with negative permeability. Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 163108 (2009)
L. Zhen, J. Jiang, W. Shao, C. Xu, Resonance-antiresonance electromagnetic behavior in a disordered dielectric composite. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 142907 (2007)
Acknowledgments
This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51172113 & 51373086), the International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (2014DFA60150), the Shandong Natural Science Foundation (JQ201118), and the Taishan Overseas Scholar program from the Shandong Province Government, PR China. We thank Qianqian Zhu and Dong Chen for their help in some experiments and helpful discussions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, X., Yu, J., Dong, H. et al. Synthesis of nanostructured MnO2, SnO2, and Co3O4: graphene composites with enhanced microwave absorption properties. Appl. Phys. A 119, 1483–1490 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-015-9124-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-015-9124-1