Abstract
Optical waveguides fabricated in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) by ultrafast laser pulses are demonstrated. Dependent on the incident pulse energy, two different types of refractive index modification have been induced. For moderate laser powers, type I homogeneous waveguides are created. At higher pulse energies, type II waveguides are formed in the stressed area surrounding regions of laser-induced damage. Double-line and four-line structures are applied to the type II guides to increase mode confinement. Polarization sensitivity and transmission properties of the written waveguides are characterized and discussed. The results indicate that high-quality waveguides can be fabricated in KDP, which has potential for further applications in nonlinear integrated-optics.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
K.M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, K. Hirao, Opt. Lett. 21(21), 1729 (1996)
G. Della Valle, R. Osellame, P. Laporta, J. Opti. A Pure Appl. Opt. 11(1), 013001 (2009)
A.M. Streltsov, N.F. Borrelli, JOSA B 19(10), 2496 (2002)
S. Nolte, M. Will, J. Burghoff, A. Tünnermann, Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process 77(1), 109 (2003)
A. Ferrer, V. Diez-Blanco, A. Ruiz, J. Siegel, J. Solis, Appl. Surf. Sci. 254, 1121 (2007)
M. Ams, G.D. Marshall, P. Dekker, J.A. Piper, M.J. Withford, Laser Photon. Rev. 3, 535 (2009)
L.A. Fernandes, J.R. Grenier, P.R. Herman, J.S. Aitchison, P.V.S. Marques, Opt. Express 20(22), 24103 (2012)
F. Chen, J.R. Vázquez de Aldana, Laser Photonics Rev. 8(2), 251 (2014)
A.G. Okhrimchuk, A.V. Shestakov, I. Khrushchev, J. Mitchell, Opt. Lett. 37, 2248 (2005)
A. Benayas, W.F. Silva, C. Jacinto, E. Cantelar, J. Lamela, F. Jaque, J.R. Vázquez de Aldana, G.A. Torchia, L. Roso, A.A. Kaminskii, D. Jaque, Opt. Lett. 35(3), 330 (2010)
S. Campbell, R.R. Thomson, D.P. Hand, A.K. Kar, D.T. Reid, C. Canalias, V. Pasiskevicius, F. Laurell, Opt. Express 15(25), 17146 (2007)
S. Zhang, J. Yao, W. Liu, Z. Huang, J. Wang, Y. Li, C. Tu, F. Lu, Opt. Express 16(18), 14180 (2008)
R.R. Thomson, S. Campbell, I.J. Blewett, A.K. Kar, D.T. Reid, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 111109 (2006)
J. Burghoff, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process 89(1), 127 (2007)
R. Osellame, M. Lobino, N. Chiodo, M. Marangoni, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, H.T. Bookey, R.R. Thomson, N.D. Psaila, A.K. Kar, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 241107 (2007)
J. Thomas, M. Heinrich, P. Zeil, V. Hilbert, K. Rademaker, R. Riedel, S. Ringleb, C. Dubs, J.-P. Ruske, S. Nolte, A. Tunnermann, Phys. Status Solidi A 208, 276 (2011)
E. Neyra, S. Suarez, G.A. Torchia, Opt. Lett. 39(5), 1125 (2014)
D. Paipulas, V. Kudriašov, M. Malinauskas, V. Smilgevičius, V. Sirutkaitis, Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process 104(3), 769 (2011)
P.S. Salter, A. Jesacher, J.B. Spring, B.J. Metcalf, N. Thomas-Peter, R.D. Simmonds, N.K. Langford, I.A. Walmsley, M.J. Booth, Opt. Lett. 37(4), 470 (2012)
A. Jesacher, M.J. Booth, Opt. Express 18(20), 21090 (2010)
E.H. Waller, M. Renner, G. von Freymann, Opt. Express 20(22), 24949 (2012)
P.J. Mosley, J.S. Lundeen, B.J. Smith, I.A. Walmsley, New J. Phys. 10, 093011 (2008)
K. Morishita, J. Lightwave Technol. LT–1(3), 445 (1983)
A. Jesacher, P.S. Salter, M.J. Booth, Opt. Mat. Express 3(9), 1223 (2013)
P.J. Mosley, J.S. Lundeen, B.J. Smith, P. Wasylczyk, A.B. U’Ren, C. Silberhorn, I.A. Walmsley, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 133601 (2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Huang, L., Salter, P., Karpiński, M. et al. Waveguide fabrication in KDP crystals with femtosecond laser pulses. Appl. Phys. A 118, 831–836 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-014-8899-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-014-8899-9