Abstract
Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (LT-STM) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) measurements are used to study the epitaxial growth and molecular orientation of organic thin films of copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPc) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Our results show that F16CuPc molecules lie flat on HOPG up to 5 nm thickness, stabilized by interfacial and interlayer π–π interactions. LT-STM experiments reveal the coexistence of two different in-plane orientations of the F16CuPc monolayer on HOPG. On the second layer of F16CuPc on HOPG, however, all F16CuPc molecules possess the same in-plane orientation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
L.L. Chua, J. Zaumseil, J.F. Chang, E.C.W. Ou, P.K.H. Ho, H. Sirringhaus, R.H. Friend, Nature 434, 194 (2005)
S.R. Forrest, MRS Bull. 30, 28 (2005)
F. Yang, M. Shtein, S.R. Forrest, Nat. Mater. 4, 37 (2005)
M.A. Muccini, Nat. Mater. 5, 605 (2006)
J.A. Rogers, Science 291, 1502 (2001)
J.A. Rogers, Z. Bao, K. Baldwin, A. Dodabalapur, B. Crone, V.R. Raju, V. Kuck, H. Katz, K. Amundson, J. Ewing, P. Drzaic, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 4835 (2001)
C.D. Dimitrakopoulos, P.R.L. Malenfant, Adv. Mater. 14, 99 (2002)
H. Ishii, K. Sugiyama, E. Ito, K. Seki, Adv. Mater. 11, 605 (1999)
A. Kahn, N. Koch, W.Y. Gao, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 41, 2529 (2003)
C. Cahen, A. Kahn, Adv. Mater. 15, 271 (2003)
N. Koch, Chem. Phys. Chem. 8, 1438 (2007)
W. Osikowicz, M.P. de Jong, W.R. Salaneck, Adv. Mater. 19, 4213 (2007)
J.X. Tang, C.S. Lee, S.T. Lee, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 064504 (2007)
C. Tengstedt, W. Osikowicz, W.R. Salaneck, I.D. Parker, C.-H. Hsu, M. Fahlman, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 053502 (2006)
N. Koch, S. Duhm, J.P. Rabe, A. Vollmer, R.L. Johnson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 237601 (2005)
B. de Boer, A. Hadipour, M.M. Mandoc, T. van Woudenbergh, P.W.M. Bolm, Adv. Mater. 17, 621 (2005)
S. Khodabakhsh, B.M. Sanderson, J. Nelson, T.S. Jones, Adv. Funct. Mater. 16, 95 (2006)
W. Chen, C. Huang, X.Y. Gao, L. Wang, C.G. Zhen, D. Qi, S. Chen, H.L. Zhang, K.P. Loh, Z.K. Chen, A.T.S. Wee, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 26075 (2006)
W. Chen, X.Y. Gao, D.C. Qi, S. Chen, Z.K. Chen, A.T.S. Wee, Adv. Funct. Mater. 17, 1339 (2007)
S. Kowarik, A. Gerlach, S. Sellner, F. Schreiber, L. Cavalcanti, O. Konovalov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 125504 (2006)
G.E. Thayer, J.T. Sadowski, F.M. zu Heringdorf, T. Sakurai, R.M. Tromp, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 256106 (2005)
B. Crone, A. Dodabalapur, Y.-Y. Lin, R.W. Filas, Z. Bao, A. La Duca, R. Sarpeshkar, H.E. Katz, W. Li, Nature 403, 521 (2002)
F. Zhao, F. Harnisch, U. Schröder, F. Scholz, P. Bogdanoff, I. Herrmann, Electrochem. Commun. 7, 1405 (2005)
M.F. Craciun, S. Rogge, M.-J.L. den Boer, S. Margadonna, K. Prassides, Y. Iwasa, F. Morpurgo, Adv. Mater. 18, 320 (2005)
N. Papageorgiou, E. Salomon, T. Angot, J.-M. Layet, L. Giovanelli, G.L. Lay, Prog. Surf. Sci. 77, 139 (2004)
Z. Bao, A.J. Lovinger, J. Brown, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 207 (1998)
W. Chen, L. Wang, D.C. Qi, S. Chen, X.Y. Gao, A.T.S. Wee, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 184102 (2006)
W. Chen, H. Huang, S. Chen, L. Chen, H.L. Zhang, X.Y. Gao, A.S.T. Wee, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 114102 (2007)
W. Chen, S. Chen, H. Huang, D.C. Qi, X.Y. Gao, A.T.S. Wee, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 063308 (2008)
W. Chen, H. Huang, S. Chen, H.L. Zhang, X.Y. Gao, A.T.S. Wee, J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 5036 (2008)
J.O. Osso, F. Schreiber, M.I. Alonso, M. Garriga, E. Barrena, H. Dosch, Org. Electron. 5, 135 (2004)
D.G. de Oteyza, E. Barrena, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 183504 (2005)
J.O. Osso, F. Schreiber, V. Kruppa, H. Dosch, M. Garriga, M.I. Alonso, F. Cerdeira, Adv. Funct. Mater. 12, 455 (2002)
A. Gerlach, F. Schreiber, S. Sellner, H. Dosch, I.A. Vartanyants, B.C.C. Cowie, Phys. Rev. B 71, 205425 (2005)
Y. Wakayama, J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 2675 (2007)
W. Chen, H.L. Zhang, H. Huang, L. Chen, A.T.S. Wee, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 193301 (2008)
W. Chen, H.L. Zhang, H. Huang, L. Chen, A.T.S. Wee, ACS Nano 2, 693 (2008)
L. Chen, W. Chen, H. Huang, H.L. Zhang, J. Yuhara, A.T.S. Wee, Adv. Mater. 20, 484 (2008)
W. Chen, H. Xu, L. Liu, X.Y. Gao, D.C. Qi, G.W. Peng, S.C. Tan, Y.P. Feng, K.P. Loh, A.T.S. Wee, Surf. Sci. 596, 176 (2005)
W. Chen, S. Chen, D.C. Qi, X.Y. Gao, A.S.T. Wee, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 10418 (2007)
X.J. Yu, O. Wilhelmi, H.O. Moser, S.V. Vidyaraj, X.Y. Gao, A.T.S. Wee, T. Nyunt, H.J. Qian, H.W. Zheng, J. Elec. Spec. Rel. Phenom. 144, 1031 (2005)
W. Chen, L. Wang, C. Huang, T.T. Lin, X.Y. Gao, K.P. Loh, Z.K. Chen, A.S.T. Wee, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 935 (2006)
M.P. Seah, W.A. Dench, Surf. Interface Anal. 1, 2 (1979)
M.F. Craciun, S. Rogge, A.F. Morpurgo, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 12210 (2005)
P.H. Lippel, R.J. Wilson, M.D. Miller, Ch. Wöll, S. Chiang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 171 (1989)
K.W. Hipps, X. Lu, X.D. Wang, U. Mazur, J. Phys. Chem. 100, 11207 (1996)
C. Ludwing, R. Strohmaier, J. Petersen, B. Gompf, W. Eisenmenger, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 12, 1963 (1994)
S.D. Wang, X. Dong, C.S. Lee, S.T. Lee, J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 1529 (2004)
J. Stöhr, NEXAFS Spectroscopy (Springer, Berlin, New York, 1992)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Huang, Y.L., Chen, W., Chen, S. et al. Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure investigation of epitaxial growth of F16CuPc thin films on graphite. Appl. Phys. A 95, 107–111 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-008-5000-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-008-5000-6