Abstract
Amorphous carbon–sulfur (a-C:S) composite films were prepared by vapor phase pyrolysis technique. The structural changes in the a-C:S films were investigated by electron microscopy. A powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) study depicts the two-phase nature of a sulfur-incorporated a-C system. The optical bandgap energy shows a decreasing trend with an increase in the sulfur content and preparation temperature. This infers a sulfur incorporation and pyrolysis temperature induced reduction in structural disorder or increase in sp 2 or π-sites. The presence of sulfur (S 2p) in the a-C:S sample is analyzed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The sp 3/sp 2 hybridization ratio is determined by using the XPS C 1s peak fitting, and the results confirm an increase in sp 2 hybrids with sulfur addition to a-C. The electrical resistivity variation in the films depends on both the sulfur concentration and the pyrolysis temperature.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Glenis, A.J. Nelson, M.M. Labes, J. Appl. Phys. 86, 4464 (1999)
I. Sakaguchi, M.N. Gamo, Y. Kikuchi, E. Yasu, H. Haneda, T. Suzuki, T. Ando, Phys. Rev. B 60, 2139 (1999)
M. Hasegawa, D. Takeuchi, S. Yamanaka, M. Ogura, H. Watanabe, H. Okushi, K. Kajimura, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38, 1519 (1999)
D. Saada, J. Adler, R. Kalish, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 878 (2000)
S. Gupta, B.R. Weiner, G. Morell, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 491 (2003)
L. Kumari, Ph.D. Thesis. Indian Institute of Science, India, 2005
L. Kumari, S.V. Subramanyam, Bull. Mater. Sci. 27, 289 (2004)
J. Filik, I.M. Lane, P.W. May, S.R.J. Pearce, K.R. Hallam, Diamond Relat. Mater. 13, 1377 (2004)
M.S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, Adv. Phys. 30, 139 (1981)
J.L. Wang, J. Yang, J.Y. Xie, N.X. Xu, Y. Li, Electrochem. Commun. 4, 499 (2002)
J. Robertson, Mater. Sci. Eng. R 37, 129 (2002)
J. Tauc, in Optical Properties of Solids, ed. by A. Ables (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1970)
E.A. Davis, N.F. Mott, Philos. Mag. 22, 903 (1970)
M.A. Hassan, C.A. Hogarth, J. Mater. Sci. 23, 2500 (1988)
J. Filik, P.W. May, S.R.J. Pearce, R.K. Wild, K.R. Hallam, Diamond Relat. Mater. 12, 974 (2003)
C.J. Powell, P.E. Larson, Appl. Surf. Sci. 1, 186 (1978)
Y. Mizokawa, T. Miyasato, S. Nakamura, K.M. Geib, C.W. Wilmsen, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 5, 2809 (1987)
J. Díaz, G. Paolicelli, S. Ferrer, F. Comin, Phys. Rev. B 54, 8064 (1996)
M. Reghu, C.O. Yoon, D. Moses, A.J. Heeger, in Handbook of Conducting Polymers, ed. by T.A. Skotheim, R.L. Elsenbaumer, J.R. Reynolds (Dekker, New York, 1996)
S. Gupta, A. Martinez, B.R. Weiner, G. Morell, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 283 (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kumari, L., Subramanyam, S.V. Structural, optical and electrical properties of sulfur-incorporated amorphous carbon films. Appl. Phys. A 95, 343–349 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-008-4902-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-008-4902-7