Skip to main content
Log in

Cantilever stress measurements of ferromagnetic monolayers

  • Published:
Applied Physics A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This overview summarizes important aspects of the cantilever stress measurement technique and its application to measurements of adsorbate-induced surface stress changes and magnetization-induced magnetoelastic stress (also called magnetostrictive stress) of ferromagnetic monolayers. The application of the cantilever technique as a torque magnetometer with monolayer sensitivity is demonstrated. The stress measurements indicate a correlation between surface stress changes and surface reconstruction, and they also identify the often decisive role of the magnetoelastic anisotropy for the non-bulklike magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic monolayers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. H. Ibach, Surf. Sci. Rep. 29, 193 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. H. Ibach, Surf. Sci. Rep. 35, 71 (1999) [Erratum]

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. R. Koch, Intrinsic stress of epitaxial thin films and surface layers, in: The Chemical Physics of Solid Surfaces, vol. 8 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1997)

  4. A. Grossmann, W. Erley, H. Ibach, Surf. Rev. Lett. 2, 543 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. D. Sander, Rep. Prog. Phys. 62, 809 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. M. Hanbücken, J.P. Deville (Eds.), Stress and Strain in Epitaxy: Theoretical Concepts, Measurements and Applications (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2001)

  7. D. Sander, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 1, 51 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. D. Sander, H. Meyerheim, S. Ferrer, J. Kirschner, Adv. Solid State Phys. 43, 547 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  9. D. Sander, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 16, R603 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. D. Sander, Ph.D. thesis, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät (1992)

  11. A. Grossmann, Ph.D. thesis, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät (1995)

  12. K. Dahmen, Ph.D. thesis, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät (2002)

  13. A. Enders, Ph.D. thesis, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät (1999)

  14. T. Gutjahr-Löser, Ph.D. thesis, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät (1999)

  15. T. Höpfl, Ph.D. thesis, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät (2000)

  16. D. Sander, H. Ibach, in: Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, Landolt-Börnstein, New Series, Group III: Condensed Matter, vol. 42, A 2 (Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 2002), chap. 4.4, pp. 1–49

  17. G.G. Stoney, Proc. R. Soc. London A 82, 172 (1909)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. R. Koch, H. Leonhard, G. Thurner, R. Abermann, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61, 3859 (1990)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. Andeen-Hagerling Inc. USA, http://www.andeen-hagerling.com (2006)

  20. D. Sander, A. Enders, J. Kirschner, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 4734 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. P.J. Feibelman, Phys. Rev. B 51, 17867 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. S. Stolbov, S. Hong, A. Kara, T.S. Rahman, Phys. Rev. B 72, 155423-1 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  23. M.J. Harrison, D.P. Woodruf, J. Robinson, D. Sander, W. Pan, J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. B 74, 165402 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. M. Fähnle, M. Komelj, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 220, L13 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. M. Komelj, M. Fähnle, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 238, L125 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. A. Brenner, S. Senderoff, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. 42, 105 (1949)

    Google Scholar 

  27. K. Dahmen, S. Lehwald, H. Ibach, Surf. Sci. 446, 161 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. K. Dahmen, H. Ibach, D. Sander, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 231, 74 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. Mateck GmbH, Jülich, Germany, http://www.mateck.de (2006)

  30. Surface Science Lab, DE Zaandam, The Netherlands, http://www.surface-prep-lab.com (2006)

  31. R.A. Martinez, W.M. Augustyniak, J.A. Golovchenko, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 1035 (1990)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. A.J. Schell-Sorokin, R.M. Tromp, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 1039 (1990)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. J.E. Müller, M. Wuttig, H. Ibach, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1583 (1986)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. D. Sander, U. Linke, H. Ibach, Surf. Sci. 272, 318 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. C. Kittel, Rev. Mod. Phys. 21, 541 (1949)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. S.D. Bader, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 100, 440 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. M. Fähnle, M. Komelj, R.Q. Wu, G.Y. Guo, Phys. Rev. B 65, 144436-1 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  38. M. Komelj, M. Fähnle, Phys. Rev. B 65, 092403-1 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  39. M. Komelj, M. Fähnle, Phys. Rev. B 65, 212410-1 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  40. M. Komelj, M. Fähnle, Phys. Rev. B 73, 012404 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. R. Wu, in: Lecture Notes in Physics: Band Ferromagnetism (Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 2001), chapt. I, pp. 46–71

  42. H.J. Elmers, U. Gradmann, Appl. Phys. A 51, 255 (1990)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. U. Gradmann, in:Handbook of Magnetic Materials, (Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1993) vol. 7, chap. 1, pp. 1–96

  44. C. Rossel, M. Willemin, A. Gasser, H. Bothuizen, G.I. Meijer, H. Keller, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69, 3199 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. T. Höpfl, D. Sander, H. Höche, J. Kirschner, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 1495 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. J. Thomassen, F. May, B. Feldmann, M. Wuttig, H. Ibach, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3831 (1992)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. T. Bernhard, M. Baron, M. Gruyters, H. Winter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 087601 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. Sander.

Additional information

PACS

68.35.Gy; 68.35.Bs; 75.70.Ak; 75.80.+q

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sander, D., Kirschner, J. Cantilever stress measurements of ferromagnetic monolayers. Appl. Phys. A 87, 419–425 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-007-3906-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-007-3906-z

Keywords

Navigation