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Neighboring colonies influence uptake of thermotolerant endosymbionts in threatened Caribbean coral recruits

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Abstract

Intervention strategies to enhance coral resilience include manipulating associations with algal endosymbionts. While hosting thermotolerant Durusdinium trenchii can increase bleaching thresholds in Caribbean coral adults, its effects remain largely unknown during their early life stages. Here, we tested if Orbicella faveolata recruits could establish symbiosis with D. trenchii supplied by nearby “donor” colonies and examined the resulting ecological trade-offs to evaluate early Symbiodiniaceae manipulation as a scalable tool for reef restoration. We exposed aposymbiotic recruits to 29 °C or 31 °C and to fragments of Montastraea cavernosa (containing Cladocopium ITS2 type C3) or Siderastrea siderea (containing D. trenchii). After 60 days, recruits reared with D. trenchii donors hosted nearly three times more D. trenchii than those with Cladocopium donors, suggesting that recruits can acquire Symbiodiniaceae from nearby corals of different species. Temperature did not affect symbiont identity. Next, donor colonies were removed and surviving recruits were maintained for three months at ambient temperatures, after which a subset was exposed to a 60-day heat stress. Recruits previously reared at 31 °C survived twice as long at 34 °C as those reared at 29 °C, suggesting that pre-exposure to heat can prime recruits to withstand future thermal stress. Furthermore, recruits hosting primarily D. trenchii survived twice as long at 34 °C as those hosting little or no D. trenchii. However, the proportion of D. trenchii hosted was negatively correlated with polyp size and symbiont density, indicating a trade-off between growth (of both host and symbiont) and heat tolerance. These findings suggest that, while donor colonies may be effective sources for seeding coral recruits with thermotolerant symbionts, practitioners will need to balance the likely benefits and costs of these approaches when designing restoration strategies.

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Acknowledgements

Fieldwork was conducted under permit FKNMS-2016-047-A1. The authors thank A. Peterson and A. Bright for support during coral spawning dives, and for rearing O. faveolata larvae prior to settlement. OW thanks M. Schmale for use of his dissecting microscope to sample recruits, R. Cunning for ITS2 amplicon sequencing and support with data analysis, and R. van Hooidonk for calculating sea surface temperature MMM’s using Pathfinder 5.0 and Coral Reef Watch. Funding sources: CIMAS Fellowship and B. Kirtman, NOAA Task III (to M. Johnson and A. Baker)

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  1. Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL, 33149, USA

    Olivia M. Williamson, Corinne E. Allen & Andrew C. Baker

  2. Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL, 33149, USA

    Dana E. Williams

  3. NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Key Biscayne, FL, 33149, USA

    Matthew W. Johnson

  4. SECORE International, 2103 Coral Way, 2nd Floor, Miami, FL, 33145, USA

    Margaret W. Miller

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Williamson, O.M., Allen, C.E., Williams, D.E. et al. Neighboring colonies influence uptake of thermotolerant endosymbionts in threatened Caribbean coral recruits. Coral Reefs 40, 867–879 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-021-02090-1

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