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DNA barcoding as a tool for coral reef conservation

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Abstract

DNA Barcoding (DBC) is a method for taxonomic identification of animals that is based entirely on the 5′ portion of the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI-5). It can be especially useful for identification of larval forms or incomplete specimens lacking diagnostic morphological characters. DBC can also facilitate the discovery of species and in defining “molecular taxonomic units” in problematic groups. However, DBC is not a panacea for coral reef taxonomy. In two of the most ecologically important groups on coral reefs, the Anthozoa and Porifera, COI-5 sequences have diverged too little to be diagnostic for all species. Other problems for DBC include paraphyly in mitochondrial gene trees and lack of differentiation between hybrids and their maternal ancestors. DBC also depends on the availability of databases of COI-5 sequences, which are still in early stages of development. A global effort to barcode all fish species has demonstrated the importance of large-scale coordination and is yielding promising results. Whether or not COI-5 by itself is sufficient for species assignments has become a contentious question; it is generally advantageous to use sequences from multiple loci.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Bob Hanner for allowing us to analyze the progress of FISH-BOL and for providing us with updates on CBOL projects, James Albert and Emily Capuli for providing us with a current list of reef-associated fish species, Bob Vrijenhoek and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments, and the National Science Foundation for support (OCE 0326383). We also thank the organizers and participants of the Coral Reef Barcoding and Environmental Sampling Workshop held at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in 2005 for their stimulating discussions.

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  1. Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Box 42451, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA

    J. Neigel, A. Domingo & J. Stake

  2. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002-0948, Miami, USA

    A. Domingo

  3. Division of Science and Math, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, VI, 00802, USA

    J. Stake

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  1. J. Neigel
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Neigel, J., Domingo, A. & Stake, J. DNA barcoding as a tool for coral reef conservation. Coral Reefs 26, 487–499 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-007-0248-4

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