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Die Myozentrik

Einstellung des Unterkiefers in die muskuläre Harmonie

Myocentric

  • Kieferorthopädie und Zahnheilkunde
  • Published:
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Zusammenfassung

Die Gnathologie, die Lehre von der Funktion des menschlichen Kausystems, basiert auf Erkenntnissen der 50er Jahre, als man von der Unveränderlichkeit der menschlichen Kiefergelenke ausgegangen war und dachte, aufgrund biometrischer Daten der Kiefergelenke den zuverlässigsten Weg für die Rekonstruktion der Zahnreihen gefunden zu haben. Später erst wurden Dysfunktionen der Kiefergelenke verstanden, wie z. B. die anteriore Diskusverlagerung. Dennoch haben sich die ursprünglichen Techniken großteils bis heute erhalten: Man sucht Kieferstellungen über Manipulationen und manuelle Kompressionstechniken zu ermitteln, ohne dabei wirklich zwischen gesunden und pathologisch veränderten Kiefergelenken zu unterscheiden. Die Myozentrik ist eine grundlegend andere Technik, bei der die beteiligte Muskulatur oft auch in Zusammenarbeit mit Manualtherapeuten vorbereitend entspannt wird, die Propriozeption der Zähne durch Vermeidung von Zahnkontakten unterbrochen und die Bissregistrierung ohne jede Manipulation von außen bei aufrechter Körperhaltung des Patienten durchgeführt wird.

Abstract

Gnathology, the science of the function of the human chewing system, is largely based upon insights of the 50’s. The human temporo-mandibular joints (TMJ) were thought to be a constant which provides a reliable base for the reconstruction of the teeth. Only later was dysfunction of the TMJ recognized, such as anterior disk displacement. In spite of that, the original techniques survived in part: jaw positions are commonly manipulated using compressive techniques without really paying respect to the difference between healthy and pathologically alternated TMJ’s. Myocentric is a fundamentally different technique for obtaining a functional position for the mandible. Muscles are relaxed in preparation, often in cooperation with manual therapists, dental proprioception is interrupted by avoiding tooth contact, and the bite registration is performed without any external manipulation and in an upright patient posture.

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Schöttl, R. Die Myozentrik. Manuelle Medizin 42, 236–245 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00337-004-0302-z

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