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The second heart field: the first 20 years

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Abstract

In 2001, three independent groups reported the identification of a novel cluster of progenitor cells that contribute to heart development in mouse and chicken embryos. This population of progenitor cells was designated as the second heart field (SHF), and a new research direction in heart development was launched. Twenty years have since passed and a comprehensive understanding of the SHF has been achieved. This review provides retrospective insights in to the contribution, the signaling regulatory networks and the epithelial properties of the SHF. It also includes the spatiotemporal characteristics of SHF development and interactions between the SHF and other types of cells during heart development. Although considerable efforts will be required to investigate the cellular heterogeneity of the SHF, together with its intricate regulatory networks and undefined mechanisms, it is expected that the burgeoning new technology of single-cell sequencing and precise lineage tracing will advance the comprehension of SHF function and its molecular signals. The advances in SHF research will translate to clinical applications and to the treatment of congenital heart diseases, especially conotruncal defects, as well as to regenerative medicine.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31930029 and 91854111) and from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFA0801601) to Zhongzhou Yang

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China

    Ke Zhao & Zhongzhou Yang

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Zhao, K., Yang, Z. The second heart field: the first 20 years. Mamm Genome 34, 216–228 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00335-022-09975-8

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