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ArcRNAs and the formation of nuclear bodies

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Abstract

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have long been collectively and passively defined as transcripts that do not encode proteins. However, extensive functional studies performed over the last decade have enabled the classification of lncRNAs into multiple categories according to their functions and/or molecular properties. Architectual RNAs (arcRNAs) are a group of lncRNAs that serve as architectural components of submicron-scale cellular bodies or nonmembranous organelles, which are composed of specific sets of proteins and nucleic acids involved in particular molecular processes. In this review, we focus on arcRNAs that function in the nucleus, which provide a structural basis for the formation of nuclear bodies, nonmembranous organelles in the cell nucleus. We will summarize the current list of arcRNAs and proteins associated with classic and more recently discovered nuclear bodies and discuss general rules that govern the formation of nuclear bodies, emphasizing weak multivalent interactions mediated by innately flexible biomolecules.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 17H03604, 16H06279, and 16H06276, and a Naito Memorial Foundation Grant granted to S.N.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan

    Shinichi Nakagawa

  2. Laboratory of RNA Biofunction, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan

    Tomohiro Yamazaki & Tetsuro Hirose

  3. College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan

    Taro Mannen

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  1. Shinichi Nakagawa
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Nakagawa, S., Yamazaki, T., Mannen, T. et al. ArcRNAs and the formation of nuclear bodies. Mamm Genome 33, 382–401 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00335-021-09881-5

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