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A pronounced evolutionary shift of the pseudoautosomal region boundary in house mice

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Abstract

The pseudoautosomal region (PAR) is essential for the accurate pairing and segregation of the X and Y chromosomes during meiosis. Despite its functional significance, the PAR shows substantial evolutionary divergence in structure and sequence between mammalian species. An instructive example of PAR evolution is the house mouse Mus musculus domesticus (represented by the C57BL/6J strain), which has the smallest PAR among those that have been mapped. In C57BL/6J, the PAR boundary is located just ~700 kb from the distal end of the X chromosome, whereas the boundary is found at a more proximal position in Mus spretus, a species that diverged from house mice 2–4 million years ago. In this study we used a combination of genetic and physical mapping to document a pronounced shift in the PAR boundary in a second house mouse subspecies, Mus musculus castaneus (represented by the CAST/EiJ strain), ~430 kb proximal of the M. m. domesticus boundary. We demonstrate molecular evolutionary consequences of this shift, including a marked lineage-specific increase in sequence divergence within Mid1, a gene that resides entirely within the M. m. castaneus PAR but straddles the boundary in other subspecies. Our results extend observations of structural divergence in the PAR to closely related subspecies, pointing to major evolutionary changes in this functionally important genomic region over a short time period.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Beth Dumont for useful discussions on meiosis and recombination and Francois Bonhomme and Annie Orth for providing the CIM strain. This research was funded by NSF Grant DEB 0918000. MAW was supported by an NLM training grant in Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine to the University of Wisconsin (NLM 2T15LM007359).

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  1. Michael A. White

    Present address: Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA

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  1. Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, 2428 Genetics/Biotech, 425-G Henry Mall, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Michael A. White, Akihiro Ikeda & Bret A. Payseur

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White, M.A., Ikeda, A. & Payseur, B.A. A pronounced evolutionary shift of the pseudoautosomal region boundary in house mice. Mamm Genome 23, 454–466 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00335-012-9403-5

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