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Reconstruction of the environmental conditions for the past 2,000 years in the Perico River basin (NW Argentina) based on fossil pollen records

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Abstract

In this paper we aim to reconstruct seasonal humid conditions of the past 2,000 years based on fossil pollen records from high altitude sites (> 3,000 m a.s.l.) in NW Argentina. Palaeoenvironmental studies were conducted in two wetlands located in the upper basin of the Perico River (Jujuy province, Argentina). To assess the seasonal characteristics for different climatic periods, we used the pollen index log10 P/A to describe summer conditions, where P/A stands for the ratio between the percentages of Poaceae (P) and Asteraceae (A). To interpret winter conditions we used log10 T/A index. T/A is the ratio between the sum of percentages of transported pollen coming from Andean forest (T) and the percentage of Asteraceae (A). The prevalence of Poaceae pollen during certain time periods provides indirect information about soil moisture indicating rainy summers related to an intensified activity of the South American Monsoon System (SAMS). In contrast, periods with predominance of Asteraceae pollen suggest drier summers as a consequence of a reduction in SAMS activity. Structural changes from grassland to mixed steppe occurred at a multi-centennial scale, mainly driven by rainfall variability. The analysis of the log10T/A index enabled us to reconstruct the frequency of the mountain-valley breeze and indirectly to infer the winter precipitation. Periods with a high input of tree pollen (> 20%) indicate high breeze frequency and consequently less winter precipitation and vice versa. We applied this reconstruction approach to characterize the seasonal humidity conditions during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, Little Ice Age and Current Warm Period in the study region.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Ralph Schillinger (Asociación Bosque Modelo Jujuy), Fabio Flores and Magalí Méndez for assisting with the fieldwork. We also thank the inhabitants of Cerro Negro for hosting us in the field campaigns, Natalia Batallanos for processing the samples and Julio Kulemeyer for his advice in sedimentological interpretations and for lending us the drilling equipment. We also wish to express our gratitude to two anonymous reviewers for their valuable contributions to improve the manuscript.

Funding

This work was funded by the National Council for Science and Technical Investigations [CONICET-PIO#094], the National Agency for Science and Technology Promotion [PICT 2015-#3047], and the National University of Jujuy [Secter-Unju A/0198 and A/B078].

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  1. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Laboratorio de Palinología, Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA), CONICET- Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47, 4600, S. S. de Jujuy, Argentina

    Gonzalo Torres & Liliana Lupo

  2. Departamento de Ciencias de La Atmósfera y los Océanos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Pabellón II, 2º Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Claudio Pérez

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  1. Gonzalo Torres
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  2. Liliana Lupo
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  3. Claudio Pérez
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Correspondence to Gonzalo Torres.

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Torres, G., Lupo, L. & Pérez, C. Reconstruction of the environmental conditions for the past 2,000 years in the Perico River basin (NW Argentina) based on fossil pollen records. Veget Hist Archaeobot 32, 235–251 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-022-00900-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-022-00900-2

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