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First palaeoecological evidence of buffalo husbandry and rice cultivation in the Kerinci Seblat National Park in Sumatra, Indonesia

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Abstract

Rice is one of the most important subsidence crops, however evidence of the origin and domestication of rice cultivation is still scarce in Indonesia. This study aims to trace the beginning of rice cultivation and buffalo husbandry in Sumatra, Indonesia. We carried out palaeoecological multi-proxy analyses of pollen and spores, non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) and macro-charcoal analysis on a sediment core from the swamp forest of Danau Bento (DB) in the Kerinci Seblat National Park (KSNP). Our results provide first evidence of buffalo husbandry in the Kerinci at least 4,300 years ago, in line with the migration of the Austronesians to Sumatra. NPPs and pollen results indicate the existence of grassland until about 3,200 cal bp around the site, which was used for buffalo grazing and not for rice cultivation. The rise of Poaceae about 2,500 cal bp suggests the beginning of rice cultivation in the swamp contemporary with a decline in grazing as shown by the NPPs. However, this phase lasted only few centuries until ca 2,100 cal bp. Following the decline of rice cultivation, the swamp remained in use as a grassland for grazing.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge our financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—SFB 990 in the framework of the collaborative German—Indonesian research project CRC990 and Erasmus Mundus (Experts4ASIA) Program. This study was conducted using the research permit (RISTEK; 232/SIP/FRP/SM/VII/2013) from the Ministry of Research and Technology of Indonesia, collection permit (3272/IPH.1/KS.02/X/2013) and sample export permit (183/IPH.1/KS.02/I/2014) based on recommendation of Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI). We gratefully acknowledge the logistic support by the EFForTS coordination team and the Indonesian partner universities in Bogor and Jambi, Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) and University of Jambi (UNJA), the Ministry of Education in Jakarta (DIKTI) and the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI). Finally, we thank Hugh Deforest Safford for helping with the final language editing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, University of Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany

    Christina A. Setyaningsih, Hermann Behling, Lyudmila Shumilovskikh & Siria Biagioni

  2. Department of Soil Science, University of Jambi, Jalan Raya Jambi Muara Bulian KM 15 Mandalo Darat, Jambi, Sumatra, 36361, Indonesia

    Asmadi Saad

  3. Department of Soil Science and Land Resource, Bogor Agriculture University (IPB), Jalan Meranti, IPB Campus, Darmaga, Bogor, Java, Indonesia

    Supiandi Sabiham

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  1. Christina A. Setyaningsih
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  2. Hermann Behling
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  3. Asmadi Saad
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  4. Lyudmila Shumilovskikh
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  5. Supiandi Sabiham
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  6. Siria Biagioni
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Correspondence to Christina A. Setyaningsih.

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Communicated by Y. Zhao.

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Setyaningsih, C.A., Behling, H., Saad, A. et al. First palaeoecological evidence of buffalo husbandry and rice cultivation in the Kerinci Seblat National Park in Sumatra, Indonesia. Veget Hist Archaeobot 28, 591–606 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-019-00716-7

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