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Deep learning for the determination of myometrial invasion depth and automatic lesion identification in endometrial cancer MR imaging: a preliminary study in a single institution

European Radiology volume 30, pages 4985–4994 (2020)Cite this article

Abstract

Objective

To determine the diagnostic performance of a deep learning (DL) model in evaluating myometrial invasion (MI) depth on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI)–based endometrial cancer (EC) MR imaging (ECM).

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 530 patients with pathologically proven EC at our institution between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017. All imaging data were reviewed on picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) server. Both sagittal and coronal T2WI-based MR images were used for lesion area determination. All MR images were divided into two groups: deep (more than 50%) and shallow (less than 50%) MI based on their pathological diagnosis. We trained a detection model based on YOLOv3 algorithm to locate the lesion area on ECM. Then, the detected regions were fed into a classification model based on DL network to identify MI depth automatically.

Results

In the testing dataset, the trained model detected lesion regions with an average precision rate of 77.14% and 86.67% in both sagittal and coronal images, respectively. The classification model yielded an accuracy of 84.78%, a sensitivity of 66.67%, a specificity of 87.50%, a positive predictive value of 44.44%, and a negative predictive value of 94.59% in determining deep MI. The radiologists and trained network model together yielded an accuracy of 86.2%, a sensitivity of 77.8%, a specificity of 87.5%, a positive predictive value of 48.3%, and a negative predictive value of 96.3%.

Conclusion

In this study, the DL network model derived from MR imaging provided a competitive, time-efficient diagnostic performance in MI depth identification.

Key Points

• The models established with the deep learning method could help improve the diagnostic confidence and performance of MI identification based on endometrial cancer MR imaging.

• The models enabled the classification of endometrial cancer MR images to the two categories with a sensitivity of 0.67, a specificity of 0.88, and an accuracy of 0.85.

• Using the detected lesion region to evaluate myometrial invasion depth could remove redundant information in the image and provide more effective features.

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Abbreviations

ACC:

Accuracy

AUC:

Area under the ROC curve

CI:

Confidence interval

CNN:

Convolutional neural network

DL:

Deep learning

DWI:

Diffusion-weighted imaging

EC:

Endometrial cancer

ECM:

Endometrial cancer MR imaging

EP2D:

Echo-planar imaging two-dimensional

FS TW2I:

Fat-saturated T2-weighted imaging

LNM:

Lymph node metastases

MD:

Maximum diameter

MI:

Myometrial invasion

ML:

Machine learning

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

NPV:

Negative predictive value

PACS:

Picture archiving and communication systems

PPV:

Positive predictive value

PR:

Precision-recall

ROC:

Receiver operating characteristic curve

SEN:

Sensitivity

SPE:

Specificity

T1WI:

T1-weighted imaging

TW2:

T2-weighted imaging

TSE:

Turbo spin-echo

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Funding

This study has received funding by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61731009, 81,771,816).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Xiaojun Chen and Yida Wang contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations

  1. Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaojun Chen & Bingyi Yang

  2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

    Yida Wang, Yinqiao Yi & Guang Yang

  3. Department of Radiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

    Minhua Shen, Qing Zhou, Guofu Zhang & He Zhang

  4. Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

    Weifeng Liu

Authors
  1. Xiaojun Chen
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  2. Yida Wang
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  3. Minhua Shen
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  4. Bingyi Yang
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  5. Qing Zhou
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  8. Guofu Zhang
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  9. Guang Yang
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  10. He Zhang
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Guang Yang or He Zhang.

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Guarantor

The scientific guarantor of this publication is Guofu Zhang.

Conflict of interest

The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.

Statistics and biometry

No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.

Informed consent

Written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board.

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Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.

Methodology

• Retrospective

• Diagnostic or prognostic study

• Performed at one institution

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Electronic supplementary materials

Supplementary Table 1

Details of parameters for 1.5 Tesla MRI imaging protocols (DOCX 18 kb)

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Chen, X., Wang, Y., Shen, M. et al. Deep learning for the determination of myometrial invasion depth and automatic lesion identification in endometrial cancer MR imaging: a preliminary study in a single institution. Eur Radiol 30, 4985–4994 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-06870-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-06870-1

Keywords

  • Endometrial cancer
  • Magnetic resonance imaging
  • Deep learning
  • Neoplasm staging