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Deep learning to differentiate parkinsonian disorders separately using single midsagittal MR imaging: a proof of concept study

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Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of deep learning with the convolutional neural networks (CNN) to distinguish each representative parkinsonian disorder using MRI.

Methods

This clinical retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board, and the requirement for written informed consent was waived. Midsagittal T1-weighted MRI of a total of 419 subjects (125 Parkinson’s disease (PD), 98 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and 54 multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonian features (MSA-P) patients, and 142 normal subjects) between January 2012 and April 2016 was retrospectively assessed. To deal with the overfitting problem of deep learning, all subjects were randomly divided into training (85%) and validation (15%) data sets with the same proportions of each disease and normal subjects. We trained the CNN to distinguish each parkinsonian disorder using single midsagittal T1-weighted MRI with a training group to minimize the differences between predicted output probabilities and the clinical diagnoses; then, we adopted the trained CNN to the validation data set. Subjects were classified into each parkinsonian disorder or normal condition according to the final diagnosis of the trained CNN, and we assessed the diagnostic performance of the CNN.

Results

The accuracies of diagnostic performances regarding PD, PSP, MSA-P, and normal subjects were 96.8, 93.7, 95.2, and 98.4%, respectively. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for distinguishing each condition from others (PD, PSP, MSA-P, and normal subjects) were 0.995, 0.982, 0.990, and 1.000, respectively.

Conclusion

Deep learning with CNN enables highly accurate discrimination of parkinsonian disorders using MRI.

Key Points

• Deep learning convolution neural network achieves differential diagnosis of PD, PSP, MSA-P, and normal controls with an accuracy of 96.8, 93.7, 95.2, and 98.4%, respectively.

• The areas under the curves for distinguishing between PD, PSP, MSA-P, and normality were 0.995, 0.982, 0.990, and 1.000, respectively.

• CNN may learn important features that humans not notice, and has a possibility to perform previously impossible diagnoses.

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Abbreviations

CNN:

Convolutional neural network

CNS:

Central nervous system

DWI:

Diffusion-weighted imaging

JPEG:

Joint photographic experts group

MR:

Magnetic resonance

MSA-P:

Multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonian features

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PSP:

Progressive supranuclear palsy

ReLU:

Rectified linear unit

ROC:

Receiver operating characteristic

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Funding

The authors state that this work has not received any funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3, Iguchi, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, 329-2763, Japan

    Shigeru Kiryu

  2. Department of Radiology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan

    Koichiro Yasaka & Hiroyuki Akai

  3. Department of Neuroradiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, 2-6-1 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-0042, Japan

    Yasuhiro Nakata

  4. MICIN, Inc., Nihon Building 13F, 2-6-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan

    Yusuke Sugomori, Seigo Hara & Maria Seo

  5. Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan

    Osamu Abe

  6. International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 kitakanamaru, Otawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan

    Kuni Ohtomo

Authors
  1. Shigeru Kiryu
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  2. Koichiro Yasaka
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  8. Osamu Abe
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shigeru Kiryu.

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Guarantor

The scientific guarantor of this publication is Dr. Shigeru Kiryu.

Conflict of interest

The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.

Statistics and biometry

No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.

Informed consent

Written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board.

Ethical approval

Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.

Methodology

• retrospective

• diagnostic or prognostic study

• performed at one institution

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Kiryu, S., Yasaka, K., Akai, H. et al. Deep learning to differentiate parkinsonian disorders separately using single midsagittal MR imaging: a proof of concept study. Eur Radiol 29, 6891–6899 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-019-06327-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-019-06327-0

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