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Current knowledge on tumour induction by computed tomography should be carefully used

  • Computed Tomography
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Abstract

Risks associated to ionising radiation from medical imaging techniques have focused the attention of the medical society and general population. This risk is aimed to determine the probability that a tumour is induced as a result of a computed tomography (CT) examination since it makes nowadays the biggest contribution to the collective dose. Several models of cancer induction have been reported in the literature, with diametrically different implications. This article reviews those models, focusing on the ones used by the scientific community to estimate CT detriments. Current estimates of the probability that a CT examination induces cancer are reported, highlighting its low magnitude (near the background level) and large sources of uncertainty. From this objective review, it is concluded that epidemiological data with more accurate dosimetric estimates are needed. Prediction of the number of tumours that will be induced in population exposed to ionising radiation should be avoided or, if given, it should be accompanied by a realistic evaluation of its uncertainty and of the advantages of CTs. Otherwise they may have a negative impact in both the medical community and the patients. Reducing doses even more is not justified if that compromises clinical image quality in a necessary investigation.

Key Points

• Predictions of radiation-induced cancer should be discussed alongside benefits of imaging.

• Estimates of induced cancers have noticeable uncertainties that should always be highlighted.

• There is controversy about the acceptance of the linear no-threshold model.

• Estimated extra risks of cancer are close to the background level.

• Patients should not be alarmed by potential cancer induction by CT examinations.

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Abbreviations

ALARA:

As low as reasonably achievable

BEIR:

Biological Effects of Ionising Radiation

DDREF:

Dose and dose-rate reduction factor

ERR:

Excess relative risk

ICRP:

International Commission on Radiological Protection

LAR:

Lifetime attributable risks

LNT:

Linear no-threshold

NCRP:

National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements

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Correspondence to Cristian Candela-Juan.

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Candela-Juan, C., Montoro, A., Ruiz-Martínez, E. et al. Current knowledge on tumour induction by computed tomography should be carefully used. Eur Radiol 24, 649–656 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-013-3047-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-013-3047-z

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