Abstract
The first record of a lanternfish (Myctophidae) found on the continental slope of the Pacific Arctic region occurred in 2020 when six live glacier lanternfish (Benthosema glaciale) were sampled in the southwest Chukchi Sea (75.04 °N, 179.99 °E). The glacier lanternfish is widespread throughout the North Atlantic and adjacent Arctic. Previously, there was only one verified occurrence of this species found dead near Point Barrow in 1952. These individuals collected by us likely reached the Pacific Arctic through the exchange of Atlantic water given that the water mass of the station was consistent with the warm (> 0 °C) and highly salinity (> 34.5) Atlantic Water, and two additional Atlantic Arctic fish species were collected simultaneously, bigeye sculpin (Triglops nybelini) and longear eelpout (Lycodes seminudus). This account could be an instance of the more frequent biota interchange between the Atlantic and Pacific fauna anticipated with climate change.
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Data availability
GenBank accession numbers of Glacier lanternfish (Benthosema glaciale): MW532742-MW532747; Barcoding sequence data: BioProject PRJNA695081.
Code availability
Not applicable.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration (CAA) and the Polar Research Institute of China (PRIC) for their organization and logistical support during the expeditions. We also appreciate Zhizhong Huang, Dr. Jianda Ji, Dr. WangWang Ye, Hongtao Zhou, Yanguang Liu, Dr. Zhiqiang Xu, Dr. Chaofeng Wang, and crew of Xue Long 2 for their generous help and assistance in the sampling. We thank Dr. Kun Liu for invertebrate identification. We thank the PRIC and Chinese National Arctic and Antarctic Data Centre (NADC) for providing the environmental data. The authors are grateful for the comprehensive and constructive reviews of Vanessa R. von Biela and another anonymous reviewer.
Funding
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant Number 41876176], the Scientific Research Foundation of Third Institute of Oceanography, MNR [Grant Number 2016011], the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration, and the Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation & Assessment Programme [Grant Numbers CHINARE 2012-2016-03-05 and CHINARE 2012-2016-04-03].
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Research was conceived and designed by LL. The survey was conducted by RZ. PS, YL, RW, and HL contributed to species identification. The study conception and design were provided by LL, SD, YL, and RZ. Material preparation and data collection were performed by RZ, YL, and QL. RZ wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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All applicable international, national, or institutional guidelines were followed for using fishes in the study.
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Zhang, R., Li, Y., Liu, Q. et al. Glacier lanternfish (Benthosema glaciale) first found on the continental slope of the Pacific Arctic. Polar Biol 45, 513–518 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-021-02988-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-021-02988-0