Abstract
Several types of development are reported in the worldwide distributed Family Calyptraeidae. In species with direct development, embryos can grow from large eggs or can feed on nurse eggs, nurse embryos, or other intracapsular nutritional resources. Here the reproductive mode of Trochita pileolus and how biochemical composition varies among egg size between three species of Trochita were studied. Adults and broods of T. pileolus were collected off Tierra del Fuego and nearby Burdwood Bank at depths of 96–151 m. The mean shell diameter of brooding females was 16.3 ± 2 mm and the number of egg capsules observed ranged from 5 to 9. In each egg capsule 7–10 embryos developed from uncleaved eggs of about 500 µm diameter. Neither nurse eggs nor other kinds of extraviteline food sources were recorded. No oophagy, adelphophagy, or late intracapsular cannibalism were observed. The development mode of T. pileolus closely resembles that of the giant T. trochiformis from Chile, in which the energy for developing embryos is obtained from large fertile eggs. The eggs of T. trochiformis had higher lipid content than the other two species and were more energy-dense than glycogen-enriched eggs. The relative lipid coverage area and the hatching size of T. pileus were similar to T. pileolus, although the egg size was three times smaller. This could be attained because T. pileus has developed intracapsular nutritional resources such as nurse eggs and adelphophagy.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thanks Angel Luque, two anonymous reviewers and Dieter Piepenburg who made very useful comments that improved an earlier version of the manuscript. Special thanks to Carlos Sánchez Antelo, Diego Urteaga, Noelia Sánchez, Pamela Rivadeneira, Javier Di Luca, Jonathan Flores, Mariano Martinez, Luis Monterrey, Alan Aldea and Sergio Herrera for collecting the samples. To Rocío Ciocco who helped with the samples, Guido Pastorino for comments and some SEM images and Lafayette Eaton who helped you with the language correction. This study is contribution N° 55 to the Area Marina Protegida Namuncurá (Ley 26.875). We acknowledge funding by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) of Argentina, to which PP, VT and FA belong as members of the “Carrera del Investigador Científico y Técnico”. Scientific surveys at the Burdwood Bank were funded through the National Law 26.875 of creation of the MPA Namuncurá.
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This contribution was partially supported by project PICT-2016–211 of VT and PICT 2016–1127 of FA from the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica and PIP 022 of FA and VT from CONICET, both from Argentina.
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PP and VT conceived the ideas; PP, VT, and CA collected and identified the samples; PP, VT, and FA processed and analyzed the data; VT wrote the manuscript with assistance from all the authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Penchaszadeh, P., Arrighetti, F., Aldea, C. et al. Reproductive pattern of Trochita pileolus (d' Orbigny, 1841) (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae) and different types of intracapsular development in Trochita species of South America. Polar Biol 45, 59–69 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-021-02972-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-021-02972-8