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Horizontal and vertical distribution of polycystine radiolarians in the western Arctic Ocean during the late summers of 2013 and 2015

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Abstract

A drastic sea-ice reduction has been observed in the Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean during the last few decades. However, it is still poorly understood how the future reduction in sea-ice cover will impact the microzooplankton communities within the Arctic marine ecosystems. To elucidate the relationship between hydrographic conditions and the horizontal and vertical distribution of polycystine radiolarians, we analyzed 84 plankton tow samples from 51 stations in the western Arctic Ocean. Radiolarians were commonly observed in the continental slope area and the deeper basin area but were scarce or absent on the continental shelf area during the late summers of 2013 and 2015. The horizontal distribution of radiolarians during this time interval was primarily related to the horizontal distribution of low salinity waters. Radiolarian abundances increased at the stations where the seasonally mixed layer, which was formed by sea-ice melt and river runoff, was observed. This result suggests that freshwater inputs would affect the distribution of radiolarians in the western Arctic, presumably via the modification of their food sources. Vertical distribution of radiolarian species was controlled by temperature and salinity characteristics of each water mass, but their abundance decreased in water masses with low dissolved oxygen.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the captain, officers, and crews of the R.V. Mirai. We are thankful to Drs. Giuseppe Cortese (Department of Paleontology GNS Science - Te Pu Ao. Lower Hutt, New Zealand), Alexander Matul (P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia), and Demetrio Boltovskoy (Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina) for their critical reviews with many helpful comments and suggestions. We also thank Dr. Takuto Minami (Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo) for his support in creating diagrams using the Generic mapping tools (GMT). We also acknowledge O. R. Anderson (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA) for reading an early version of this manuscript, his comments, and for proofing our English. This study was supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) 15H05712 to N.H., 26740006 to T.I., 17K00539 to T.I., and the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Laboratory, Marine Ecology Research Institute (MERI), 300 Iwawada, Onjuku-machi, Isumi-gun, Chiba, 299-5105, Japan

    Takahito Ikenoue

  2. Natural History Museum, Department of Geology, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1172, 0318, Oslo, Norway

    Kjell R. Bjørklund

  3. Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan

    Amane Fujiwara, Katsunori Kimoto, Naomi Harada & Shigeto Nishino

  4. RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan

    Mario Uchimiya

  5. Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    Mario Uchimiya

  6. Research and Development Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan

    Katsunori Kimoto & Naomi Harada

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  1. Takahito Ikenoue
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Ikenoue, T., Bjørklund, K.R., Fujiwara, A. et al. Horizontal and vertical distribution of polycystine radiolarians in the western Arctic Ocean during the late summers of 2013 and 2015. Polar Biol 42, 285–305 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2421-3

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