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High connectivity in a long-lived high-Arctic seabird, the ivory gull Pagophila eburnea

Polar Biology volume 39, pages 221–236 (2016)Cite this article

Abstract

Species may cope with rapid habitat changes by distribution shifts or adaptation to new conditions. A common feature of these responses is that they depend on how the process of dispersal connects populations, both demographically and genetically. We analyzed the genetic structure of a near-threatened high-Arctic seabird, the ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea) in order to infer the connectivity among gull colonies. We analyzed 343 individuals sampled from 16 localities across the circumpolar breeding range of ivory gulls, from northern Russia to the Canadian Arctic. To explore the roles of natal and breeding dispersal, we developed a population genetic model to relate dispersal behavior to the observed genetic structure of worldwide ivory gull populations. Our key finding is the striking genetic homogeneity of ivory gulls across their entire distribution range. The lack of population genetic structure found among colonies, in tandem with independent evidence of movement among colonies, suggests that ongoing effective dispersal is occurring across the Arctic Region. Our results contradict the dispersal patterns generally observed in seabirds where species movement capabilities are often not indicative of dispersal patterns. Model predictions show how natal and breeding dispersal may combine to shape the genetic homogeneity among ivory gull colonies separated by up to 2800 km. Although field data will be key to determine the role of dispersal for the demography of local colonies and refine the respective impacts of natal versus breeding dispersal, conservation planning needs to consider ivory gulls as a genetically homogeneous, Arctic-wide metapopulation effectively connected through dispersal.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from foundation Ellis Elliot (Switzerland), Société vaudoise des Sciences naturelles (Switzerland) and Nos Oiseaux (Switzerland) to G.Y., by a foundation Agassiz (Switzerland) grant to T.B. and by the Nicolas Perrin’s research group, Department of Ecology and Evolution at University of Lausanne, Switzerland. Field work in Greenland was supported by the National Geographic Society, Prix Gore-Tex initiative, Foundation Avenir Finance, the Arctic Ocean Diversity Census of Marine Life Project, CNES, CLS and F. Paulsen. The ivory gull project was part of the work plan of the Joint Norwegian-Russian Commission on Environmental Protection, and fieldwork in Norway and Russia was funded by the Norwegian Ministry of Environment, the Norwegian Polar Institute, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute and Russian IPY 2007/08 program. We are grateful to Emmanuelle Pouivé, Brigitte Sabard, Vladimir Sokolov and Oleg Prodan, Vorkuta helicopter crew commanded by Sergey Kiryushkin for logistical assistance, Russian colleagues Mikhail Ivanov, Andrey and Elena Volkov for participating in fieldwork. Constructive comments by Nigel G. Yoccoz and two anonymous referees improved the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada

    Glenn Yannic

  2. Canada Research Chair in Polar and Boreal Ecology, Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada

    Glenn Yannic

  3. Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique (GREA), 21440, Francheville, France

    Glenn Yannic, Olivier Gilg & Adrian Aebischer

  4. School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland

    Jonathan M. Yearsley

  5. Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Roberto Sermier & Christophe Dufresnes

  6. Laboratoire Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS 5561, Equipe Ecologie Evolutive, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France

    Olivier Gilg

  7. Museum of Natural History, Chemin du Musée 6, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland

    Adrian Aebischer

  8. National Park Russian Arctic, 57 Sovetskikh Kosmonavtov pr., Archangelsk, Russia, 168000

    Maria V. Gavrilo

  9. Joint Directorate of Taimyr Nature Reserves, 22 Talnakhskaya, Norilsk, Russia, 663300

    Maria V. Gavrilo

  10. Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296, Tromsø, Norway

    Hallvard Strøm

  11. Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, NS, B4P 2R6, Canada

    Mark L. Mallory

  12. Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada

    R. I. Guy Morrison

  13. Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada

    H. Grant Gilchrist

  14. CNRS, Team Diversity and Connectivity of Coastal Marine Landscapes, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France

    Thomas Broquet

  15. UMR 7144, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France

    Thomas Broquet

  16. LECA - Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine - CNRS UMR 5553, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 73376, Le Bourget-Du-Lac Cedex, France

    Glenn Yannic

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  1. Glenn Yannic
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  2. Jonathan M. Yearsley
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  3. Roberto Sermier
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  7. Maria V. Gavrilo
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  8. Hallvard Strøm
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  9. Mark L. Mallory
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  11. H. Grant Gilchrist
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Correspondence to Glenn Yannic.

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Yannic, G., Yearsley, J.M., Sermier, R. et al. High connectivity in a long-lived high-Arctic seabird, the ivory gull Pagophila eburnea . Polar Biol 39, 221–236 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-015-1775-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-015-1775-z

Keywords

  • Natal dispersal
  • Breeding dispersal
  • Effective number of breeders
  • Population genetic structure
  • Overlapping generation model