Do human activity and infrastructure disturb domesticated reindeer? The need for the reindeer’s perspective

Table 2 Zone of avoidance found around main roads, power lines and tourist resorts or population centres at the regional scale in studies of domesticated reindeer, wild reindeer and caribou, based on an extended search for wild reindeer and caribou in the Web of Science

Type of disturbance	Domesticated reindeer (R. t. tarandus)			Wild reindeer (R. t. tarandus)			Caribou (R. t. ssp)
Type of disturbance	Zone of avoidance (km)	Season	Source	Zone of avoidance (km)	Season	Source	Zone of avoidance (km)	Season	Source
Population centres	2.5	Winter	Anttonen et al. (2011)	5	Winter	Nellemann et al. (2000)	3	Summer	Polfus et al. (2011)
	8–12	All year	Helle and Särkelä (1993)	2.5–5	Winter	Nellemann et al. (2001)	9	Winter	Polfus et al. (2011)
	4	All year	Helle et al. (2012)	15	Winter	Nellemann et al. (2010)
	4	Calving	Vistnes and Nellemann (2001)
Mines							14	Winter	Boulanger et al. (2012)
							0.25 2	Summer Winter	Polfus et al. (2011) Polfus et al. (2011)
							4 6	All year Calving	Weir et al. (2007) Weir et al. (2007)
Wind power (construction)	3.5	Calving	Skarin et al. (2013)
Main roads	1.5	All year	Anttonen et al. (2011)	5	Winter	Nellemann et al. (2001)	2	All year	Polfus et al. (2011)
	1	Summer	Lundqvist (2007)	1–10	All year	Panzacchi et al. (2012)	4	Calving	Cameron et al. (2005)
				5	Winter	Luell and Strand (2006)	5	All year	Leblond et al. (2013)
				2.5	Summer	Vistnes et al. (2008)	4	Calving	Joly et al. (2006)
							1.25	All year	Leblond et al. (2011)
Hydro power				4	Summer	Nellemann et al. (2003)	3	All year	Mahoney and Schaefer (2002)
Power lines	4	Calving	Vistnes and Nellemann (2001)	2.5	Winter	Nellemann et al. (2001)