Abstract
Ptilocrinus amezianeae n. sp. is a new species of stalked crinoid attributed to the family Hyocrinidae. Forty-five specimens were collected from seamounts north of the Ross Sea, and one specimen from the Kerguelen Plateau at depths ranging from 450 to 1,680 m. The collection from Admiralty and Scott seamounts constitutes the first example of a hyocrinid population known both from in situ photographs and from numerous collected specimens ranging from small juvenile to large adult. Variation in theca and stalk articulation characters throughout ontogeny is congruent with the molecular data and indicates that all the specimens examined belong to a single species. Tegmen and pinnule architecture, brachial arrangement, and stalk articular facets indicate that Ptilocrinus amezianeae n. sp. has close affinities with P. clarki and P. pinnatus from the northeastern Pacific and displays the most derived characters among these three species. Two cases of true arm division into two unequal branches suggest that Ptilocrinus and Calamocrinus are closely related. The picture and video transects on Admiralty seamount show a patchy distribution of living specimens with patches of mean density ca. 2.6 individuals m-2. In situ photographs also document predation by a sea urchin and a sea star on tegmen and proximal arms. The COI gene sequences analyzed in 25 specimens from Admiralty and Scott seamounts display low pairwise distances, low nucleotidic diversity, and intermediate haplotype diversity. These results, together with disarticulated ossicles and attachment disks observed on in situ photographs, indicate that the population investigated here is in decline.
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Abbreviations
- CAML:
-
Census of Antarctic Marine Life
- IPY:
-
International Polar Year
- NIWA:
-
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
- MNHN:
-
Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle
- CCDB:
-
Canadian Center for DNA Barcoding
- Guelph:
-
Biodiversity Institute of Ontario
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Acknowledgments
Specimens, data, and photographs of P. amezianeae n. sp. were collected by and made available through the New Zealand International Polar Year-Census of Antarctic Marine Life Project (NZ IPY-CAML project IPY2007-01). We thank Kareen Schnabel, Sadie Mills and Owen Anderson at NIWA, Rick Webster at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Fabien Aubert and Nicolas Gasco through the TAAF administration for providing specimens. The SEM were done using the JEOL 840A at the Plateforme de Microscopie Electronique of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. We thank the ANTFLOCKS project funded by the French national research agency (“ANR”; USAR n°07-BLAN-0213-01). Funding parties also include the Département des Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle in Paris, the Museum Victoria in Melbourne, Australia (travel grant to ME and LH), NIWA in Wellington, New Zealand (travel grant to ME) and the French Polar Institute IPEV (travel grant to ME and LH). DB was funded under NZ IPY-CAML project IPY2007-01. We also thank Pr Fran Ramil of the Departamento de Ecoloxia e Bioloxia Animal, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, España.
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Eléaume, M., Hemery, L.G., Bowden, D.A. et al. A large new species of the genus Ptilocrinus (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Hyocrinidae) from Antarctic seamounts. Polar Biol 34, 1385–1397 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-011-0993-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-011-0993-2