Abstract
One characteristic pattern found in the marine Antarctic shallow environments is the unusually high proportion of species with protected and pelagic lecitotrophic development modes. However, species with planktotrophic development generally appear as the most conspicuous types of organisms in these environments. The Antarctic shallow benthos is considered as one of the most disturbed in the world, mainly due to the action of ice, thus one could hypothesize that such an environment should favor organisms with high dispersal capability. In order to test this general hypothesis, for two consecutive summers (2004–2005) and at two locations, we quantified the abundance and size distribution of most echinoderms present along bathymetric transects. Our results show the predominance of broadcasters (i.e., Sterechinus neumayeri and Odontaster validus) at a location where disturbances are common, while brooders (e.g., Abatus agassizii) only occurred at shallower depths of the least disturbed location. These results not only corroborate the hypothesis that local disturbance is an important factor generating these ecological patterns, but also suggest how ice-related disturbances could represent a major selecting agent behind the patterns of species diversity at an evolutionary scale in Antarctica.
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Acknowledgments
This work was possible because of the help and support provided by Verónica Vallejos, David Domenec and Manuel Gidekel, as well as by the key logistic support of the Peruvian Air Force during the first campaign and by the Chilean Army, particularly the personnel of the O’Higgins base during the second campaign. This research was supported by grant INACH 02-02 to ATP and EP and PIA to EP.
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Palma, A.T., Poulin, E., Silva, M.G. et al. Antarctic shallow subtidal echinoderms: is the ecological success of broadcasters related to ice disturbance?. Polar Biol 30, 343–350 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-006-0190-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-006-0190-x