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Auxin and CmAP1 regulate the reproductive development of axillary buds in Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima)

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Auxin accumulation upregulates the expression of APETALA1 (CmAP1) and subsequently activates inflorescence primordium development in axillary buds of chestnut.

Abstract

The architecture of fruiting branches is a key determinant of chestnut yield. Normally, axillary buds at the top of mother fruiting branches develop into flowering shoots and bear fruits, and the lower axillary buds develop into vegetative shoots. Decapitation of the upper axillary buds induces the lower buds to develop into flowering shoots. How decapitation modulates the tradeoff between vegetative and reproductive development is unclear. We detected inflorescence primordia within both upper and lower axillary buds on mother fruiting branches. The level of the phytohormones 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA) and trans-zeatin (tZ) increased in the lower axillary buds in response to decapitation. Exogenous application of the synthetic analogues 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) or 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) blocked or promoted, respectively, the development of the inflorescence primordia in axillary buds. The transcript levels of the floral identity gene CmAP1 increased in axillary buds following decapitation. An auxin response element TGA-box is present in the CmAP1 promoter and influenced the CmAP1 promoter-driven expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS) in floral organs in Arabidopsis, suggesting that CmAP1 is induced by auxin. We propose that decapitation releases axillary bud outgrowth from inhibition caused by apical dominance. During this process, decapitation-induced accumulation of auxin induces CmAP1 expression, subsequently promoting the reproductive development of axillary buds.

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Funding

This research was funded by the Youth Scientist Fund of the Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (LGYJJ202007), and by the China National Key R&D Program (2018YFD1000605).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Engineering and Technology Research Center for Chestnut of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Ruiwangfeng No. 12, Haidian, Beijing, 100093, China

    Yunhe Cheng, Lili Cheng, Guanglong Hu & Yanping Lan

  2. College of Forestry, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China

    Xiaomeng Guo

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  1. Yunhe Cheng
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  2. Lili Cheng
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  3. Guanglong Hu
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  4. Xiaomeng Guo
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  5. Yanping Lan
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Contributions

YC conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the article, and approved the final draft. LC analyzed the data, authored or reviewed drafts of the article, and approved the final draft. GH analyzed the data, authored or reviewed drafts of the article, and approved the final draft. XG performed the experiments, analyzed the data, and approved the final draft. YL performed the experiments, prepared figures and/or tables, and approved the final draft.

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Correspondence to Yanping Lan.

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Communicated by Prakash Lakshmanan.

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Cheng, Y., Cheng, L., Hu, G. et al. Auxin and CmAP1 regulate the reproductive development of axillary buds in Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima). Plant Cell Rep 42, 287–296 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-022-02956-w

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